GINNING

Introduction
Ginning is the process of separating the cotton fibres
adhering to the seed for the conversion of the cotton
into a continuous thread
Lints:
Lints are the long cotton fibers that are recovered from
seed during ginning.
Object:
To separate the cotton fibres from the seed.
Perfect ginning operation would be Performed if the
separation of fibres from seed was effected without the
slightest injury to either seeds or to the fiber.

The cotton first goes through dryers to reduce
moisture content and then through cleaning
equipment to remove foreign matter.
These operations facilitate processing and
improve fiber quality.
A typical gin will process about 12 bales per hour,
while some of todays more modern gins may
process as many as 60 bales an hour.


DIFFERENT TYPES OF GIN
1. Knife roller gin
2. Saw gin
3. McCarthy gin
Types of McCarthy GIN
I. Single acting McCarthy gin.
ii. Double acting McCarthy gin
iii. Double roller McCarthy gin.

Saw gin
The Saw Gin stand uses the teeth of rotating
saws to pull the cotton through a series of
"ginning ribs", which pull the fibers from the
seeds which are too large to pass through the
ribs.
The cleaned seed is then removed from the gin
via an auger system.



It is suitable to process American cotton and
wherever American cotton is grown, such as
west Africa- India, Ceylon etc.
These fibres are not too easily separated from
the seeds, so heavier beating on

seed is required
to separate the fibres.
This is achieved in this gin by giving heavier
beating of the rapidly revolving saws on the
seed cotton.

WORKING:
The seed cotton is fed upon the lattice and carried forward to
the spiked roller, which loosens the cotton and throw; it into
the hopper.
In hopper, the seed cotton comes into contact with rapidly
revolving saw roller. App.70 saws are threaded on a shaft.
As the saws revolve, the teeth carry the fibres forward, but it
is impossible for the seeds to follow and also, due to the
heavier beating of the rapidly revolving saws on the seed
cotton, the fibres are separated from seed and taken round
until the brush strips the fibre from the teeth.
Empty seeds husks and other broken seeds are thrown into
grid, through which they pass into suitable receptacle. An air
current from the cage draw the fibres along the trunk passage,
and on reaching the revolving cage are brought under the
pressure roller and delivered as a sheet, from which it is taken
to the baling press.

SETTINGS:
The bars (I) are adjusted at K. The plate, adjustable at
H, can be regulated to prevent the seeds falling away
until thoroughly cleaned.
An air current from cage should be optimum to 'suck
only fibres. If air current is high - it will "suck seed also
with fibres. If air current is low - fibre accumulation
under brush roller causes to block the machine.

Modern gins can process up to 15 tonnes
(33,000 lb) of cotton per hour.
Drawback of saw-type cotton ginning
To fiber damage (increased short fiber content,
reduced uniformity, and increased neps)
Lower mill efficiency and
Lower yarn quality

ROLLER-TYPE GINNING
(Using either a reciprocating knife or a rotary knife)
It is used to process long staple Pima cotton around the world.
gentler way of separating the cotton lint from the seed
Most modern roller ginning facilities around the world are
equipped with rotary-knife roller gins.
The seed cotton is applied to the ginning roller, with the separation
of fiber and seed taking place as the lint (adhering to the ginning
roller) is pulled under the stationary knife (which is exerting high
pressure against the ginning roller).
The rotary knife directs seed cotton to the ginning point, sweeps
cotton seed away from the ginning point, and releases the seed
cotton that was not fully ginned to be drawn back to the tip of the
stationary knife for further ginning.
The ginning roller is the most important and
expensive component in the gin stand.
Roller-covering material is made from 13 layers
of plain-woven cotton fabric cemented together
with a white rubber compound.
The fabric lays on the bias so that neither the warp
or fill yarn are parallel to the direction of cutting;
this prevents the material from unraveling from
the roller surface.
The roller material mounts on to the roller core
with the cut edges of the fabric layers serving as
the ginning surface.

Rotary-knife roller gin stands separate fiber
from seed by using the frictional forces
between a moving roller and fixed stationary-
knife surface.
During normal ginning,
The roller-to-fiber force is greater than the
stationary knife-to fiber force;
therefore, the fiber sticks to the roller surface
and slips on the stationary knife surface.

Cotton is ginned as fibers adhered to the roller
surface slip under the stationary knife which
holds the seed.
Each stroke of the rotary knife clears the
stationary knife edge of accumulated seed
cotton and ginned and partially-ginned seed.
Partially ginned seed are either pulled back to
the stationary knife and completely ginned or
swept along with the seed and carryover and
later reclaimed
McCarthy gins
All type of McCarthy gins are suitable to process long
stapled cotton such as sea island cotton, Egyptian cotton
and long stapled Indian cottons.
Long stapled cottons are of a type in which the fibres
are easily separated from seeds, so light beating on seed is
enough to separate the fibres, this is achieved in this gin
by light beating action of the beater blade on seed, fibre
damage & broken seeds are the results if processed
through other gins of heavier beating points such as knife
roller gin and saw gin.
SINGLE ACTING MACARTHY GIN
The seed cotton is placed on the table. By means of the
reciprocating motion of the table by the crank
arrangement, the seed cotton comes into contact with
the revolving leather covered roller.
Some cotton fibres are carried in the direction of
leather roller, but seed cottons are arrested by the
doctor knife.
A steel beater blade is connected by means of a
connecting rod, with a crank on the driving shaft.

Due to the seeds being acted upon by the rapid
reciprocating motion given to the beater blade by the
crank, the seeds are separated from fibres.
Ginned cotton fibres are carried onward in the
direction of leather roller, stripping board strip the
fibres from the leather roller and empty seeds are
thrown into grid, through which they pass into
suitable receptacle.

DOUBLE ROLLER MACARTHY GIN
There are two leather roller and a doctor knives
is pressed against each leather roller.
The beater knives act from above, and are given
a reciprocating motion from a crank.
Crank pin slide in a slot of arm carried by a
vibrating shaft.
Beater blades are fixed on arms projecting from
vibrating shaft Also grid and fingers are fixed on
vibrating shaft.
Seed cotton is fed into hopper -spaces.

The crank movement lowers this cotton into contact with
leather roller in one side and raises it away from the roller on
other side.
When the cotton comes into contact with leather roller, some
cotton fibres are carried in the direction of leather roller but seed
cottons are arrested by the doctor knife due to the seeds being
acted upon by-the rapid reciprocating motion given to the beater
blade by crank, the seeds are separated from fibres.
Ginned cotton fibres are carried forward in the direction of
leather roller.
Empty seeds are thrown into grid.
As the grid lowers, the space in it permit the fixed finger to pass
between them, and so shake the seed to cause them to fall out
readily.

Knife roller gin
It is suitable to process coarser and medium
Types of Indian cotton. The Indian Cotton
fibres are not too easily separated ' from seeds,
so heavier beating on seed is required to.
Separate the fibres. This is achieved in this gin
by giving heavier beating of the rapidly
revolving knives of the roller on the seed
cotton.