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DATA SECURITY
M.Mahdi
 Introduction
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 Who am I?
 Ground Roles:
 30 % of the absence is allowed =
3 lectures , the 4th, you will not
attend the final exam
 You can eat, drink in the class.
 There is no long breaks.
 Late assignment submission make
you lost 10% weakly until the 4th
week your assignment will not be
accepted
 If you came late enter the class
without too much nose.
 My contact :
mohamd.mahdi@gmail.com
 The lecture note in security office
‫من انا‬ 
‫قواعد العمل مع بعض‬ 
‫ من المادة‬%30 ‫الغياب الكثر من‬ 
‫ اي‬، ‫سيعرضك للحرمان من اعمال المادة‬
‫ محاضرات مسموح الغياب فيها سواء‬3
‫ الرابعة تحرم وتدخل‬،‫بعذر او بدون عذر‬
.100 ‫االمتحان النهائي من‬
‫الراحة في المحاضرة ليست لوقت طويل‬ 
‫تسليم الواجبات بشكل متأخر يعرضك‬ 
‫ اسبوعين من الدرجة حتى‬% 10 ‫لخسارة‬
.‫االسبوع الرابع لن يقبل‬
. ‫اذا حضر متأخر ادخل بهدوء‬ 
.‫االكل و الشرب مسموح في المحاضرة‬ 
:‫لالتصال بي على‬ 
mohamd.mahdi@gmail.com
.‫المحاضرات ستوضع عند السكرتارية‬ 
 Assessment Method
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 Class attendance 10%

 Mid Exam 20%
 Final Exam 50%
 Small group Project 20%
 Unite Objectives
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 Clear overview of the security concepts.

 Clear overview of security divisions.
 Covering in depth the data security section.
 Practically apply the security concept.
 Unite Reference:
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 Cryptography and Network Security. Principles and Practices, 4th Edition
 By William Stallings,
 Publisher: Principles and Practices
 Publish Date : 2005
 ISBN: ISBN: 0131873164
 Pages: 592

 Computer Security Basics, 2nd Edition

 By Rick Lehtinen
 Publisher: O'Reilly
 Pub Date: June 2006
 Print ISBN-10: 0-596-00669-1
 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-59-600669-3
 Pages: 310
 
 Programming .NET Security
 By Adam Freeman, Allen Jones
 Publisher: O'Reilly
 Pub Date: June 2003
 ISBN: 0-596-00442-7
 Pages: 714
 Unite Outline
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 The topics are going to be covered in this unit:

 Introduction, What Is Computer Security, Threats to Security.
 Computer System Security and Access Controls, What Makes a
System Secure?, System Access
 Establishing and Maintaining a Security Policy
 Encryption
 CLASSICAL ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES
 Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard
 More on Symmetric Ciphers
 Programming Symmetrical Encryption with .net
 Public-Key Cryptography and RSA
 Digital Signatures
 Programming Digital Signatures .net
 Today Outline
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 Introduction, What Is Computer Security, Threats to

Security.
 Security
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 The trend in Internet-related vulnerabilities

reported to CERT over a 10-year period is showed
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 Common code you have to know
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theme
 Identification
 Who do you say you are?
 Authentication
 How do I know it's really you?
 Authorization
 Now that you are here, what are you allowed to do?
 Accountability
 Who did what, and, perhaps, who pays the bill?
 Threats to Security
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 There are three key words that come up in

discussions of computer security issues:
vulnerabilities, threats and countermeasures
 Vulnerability :is a point where a system is susceptible
to attack.
 Threat : is a possible danger to the system. The danger
might be a person (a system cracker or a spy), a thing
(a faulty piece of equipment), or an event (a fire or a
flood) that might exploit a vulnerability of the system.
 Techniques for protecting your system are called
countermeasures.
 Vulnerabilities
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 Physical vulnerabilities
 Intruders can break into your server room, can steal backup media and printouts
 Natural vulnerabilities
 natural disasters and to environmental threats, fire, flood, earthquakes, lightning, dust, humidity, and
uneven temperature
 Hardware and software vulnerabilities
 Certain kinds of hardware failures can compromise the security of an entire computer system
 Media vulnerabilities
 Backup media, such as disk packs, tape reels, cartridges, and printouts, can be stolen, or can be
damaged
 Emanation vulnerabilities
 All electronic equipment emits electrical and electromagnetic radiation
 Communications vulnerabilities
 Messages can be intercepted misrouted, and forged
 Radio transmissions, the basis of wireless interconnections such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) or IEEE
802.15 (Bluetooth), are particularly susceptible to surreptitious interception
 Human vulnerabilities
 The people who administer and use your computer system represent the greatest vulnerability of all
 Security Attacks
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 Passive attacks
 Passive attacks are in the nature of eavesdropping on, or
monitoring of, transmissions. The goal of the opponent is to
obtain information that is being transmitted
 Two types of passive attacks are: release of message
contents and traffic analysis
 Active attacks
 Active attacks involve some modification of the data
stream or the creation of a false stream
 can be subdivided into four categories: masquerade, replay,
modification of messages, and denial of service.
 Release of message contents
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 The release of message contents :is easily

understood (Figure). A telephone conversation, an
electronic mail message, and a transferred file may
contain sensitive or confidential information. We
would like to prevent an opponent from learning
the contents of these transmissions.
15 Passive attacks
Release of message contents
 Traffic analysis
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 Suppose that we had a way of masking the contents of

messages or other information traffic so that opponents,
even if they captured the message, could not extract the
information from the message.
 The common technique for masking contents is encryption.
 If we had encryption protection in place, an opponent
might still be able to observe the pattern of these messages.
The opponent could determine the location and identity of
communicating hosts and could observe the frequency and
length of messages being exchanged. This information
might be useful in guessing the nature of the
communication that was taking place.
17 Passive Attack
Traffic analysis
 Notes
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 Passive attacks are very difficult to detect

 Because they do not involve any alteration of the data
 Third party has read the messages or observed the
traffic pattern
 It is feasible to prevent the success of these attacks,
usually by means of encryption.
 The emphasis in dealing with passive attacks is on
prevention rather than detection
 Active Attacks
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 Active attacks involve some modification of the

data stream or the creation of a false stream and
can be subdivided into four categories:
masquerade, replay, modification of messages, and
denial of service.
 A masquerade
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 takes place when one entity pretends to be a

different entity
 For example
 enabling an authorized entity with few privileges to
obtain extra privileges by impersonating an entity that
has those privileges.
 Active

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Masquerade
‫تنكر‬
 Replay
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 involves the passive capture of a data unit and its

subsequent retransmission to produce an
unauthorized effect
 Active

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Replay
 Modification of messages
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 simply means that some portion of a legitimate

message is altered, or that messages are delayed or
reordered, to produce an unauthorized effect
 Active

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Modification Of message
 The denial of service
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 prevents or inhibits the normal use or management

of communications facilities
 for example
 an entity may suppress all messages directed to a
particular destination
 the disruption of an entire network, either by disabling
the network or by overloading it with messages so as
to degrade performance
 Active

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Denial Of Service
 Notes
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 Active attacks present the opposite characteristics

of passive attacks.
 It is quite difficult to prevent active attacks absolutely
because of the wide variety of potential physical
software, and network vulnerabilities
 Easier to detect
 The goal is to detect active attacks and to recover from
any disruption or delays caused by them
 If the detection has a deterrent effect, it may also
contribute to prevention.
 Countermeasures
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 Computer security
 Communications security
 Physical security