BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 1

Asst. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni

<gnantana@chula.ac.th>
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What is environment?

Q. What is environment?
A. It depends!

Q. Depends on what?
A. Depends on "Environment
of whom?"
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Q. How about
environment of human?

A.Wait and see!

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Q. Who is "human"?
A. Wait until the next section!

Q. Is human a living object?
A. ?

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The human animal
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Q 1. What is living object?


Q 2. What are differences
between living and non-living
objects?
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A. From biological perspective:

Life = biosystems organized by
interactions between biological
components interacting with physical
environments, and become a unified
whole with capacity to maintain
homeostasis and self-perpetuation

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Sign of life

1. Highly complex organization =
all other characteristics of life
emerge from an organisms
complex organization

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2. Self-homeostasis =
Self-maintenance of a
steady-state internal
environment in the
variations of external
environment.


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3. Self-perpetuation
= Life comes only from life.

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4. Growth and development =
the increment of volume and
changes in structure and
functions to suit with new
form of life

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Insert larva picture
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5. Interactions = Life needs
energy and matter utilization
for maintenance of life

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6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a
result of the interaction
between organisms and their
environments

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7. Response = Life adjusts
itself to the environment.
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From biological perspective,
these are biological
spectrum

Biotic components

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biotic component
Cell
Gene
Organ
Organism
Populations Communities
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Biotic components cannot
survive in isolation.
They must interact with physical
or a biotic environments.

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Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs,
and outputs in a system

System Throughputs (flows)
System Inputs
System Outputs
Information

Energy

Matter
Useless
information

Waste heat

Waste
matter
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Interaction between each biotic
level with physical environment
through energy, matter, and
information produces
characteristic functional system.

"Biosystem" or "life"
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Organizational hierarchy in nature
can be seen from "universe"
down to "subatomic particles".
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solar system
Milky way
Galaxy
Universe
Solar system
Earth
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The natural world is organized,
diverse, dynamic, and yet
complex.
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Q. How can life be
seen in nature?
A. A hierarchy of
organization of matter.
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Fig 3-6
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Then, there is hierarchy
of biosystems.

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Q. What is the determinant of
life?
A. Environment by
evolutionary processes.

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Fig 20
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Q. How did life emerge on the
Earth?


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Fig 8-11 (21)
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Transparency 78
Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of the earth and its life.
Chemical evolution
1 billion years
Biological evolution
3.7 billion years
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Q. Is human a hierarchy of
organization of matter?
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Q. What is the difference of
interaction between man and
environment and interaction
between other organisms and
environment?
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A. Organisms adapt themselves
to the environments.
While
Human modify environments to
suit themselves .
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Human environment

2 groups
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1. Natural environment:
4 spheres
1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life
1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air
1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid
1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by
water
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How do the 4 spheres really
exist?
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Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Ecosphere
Biosphere
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2. Man-made environment
2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems

2.2 Physical structures
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What are the Functions of
Natural Environment?