Applied Mechanics

Rigid Body Mechanics

Statics
Dynamics
Kinematics
Kinetics
Deformable Body Mechamics
Elasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity
Fluid Mechanmics
Liquids
Gases



Statics Vs. Deformable Body
Mechanics
Statically Determinant
Statically Indeterminant
How is the problem different if the beam is rock? Wood? Bone?
Tooth Enamel?
Elasticity
The beam can bend to conform to the constraints of the supports.

(You have done these types of problems in ENGR 220).
Elasticity vs. Plasticity
Elastic: You can bend it, but it will come right back
when you remove the external force (like a spring).
Plastic: You can bend it, and it will stay where it left
off (like soldering wire).
Some materials tend to behave elastically, some
plastically, but.
Almost all materials will have both behaviors.
Small deflection elastic.
Large deflection plastic.
Stress-Strain Curve
(or Force-Deflection)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Strain
S
t
r
e
s
s
Elasticity vs. Viscoelasticity
Elastic: Force is proportional to deflection (e.g. a
spring).

Viscoelastic: Force is proportional deflection AND
to rate of deflection (e.g. silly putty).

Viscous: Force is proportional to deflection only
(e.g. a shock absorber or a fluid).
Mechanical Analogy
F = kx spring (Think of k as Youngs Modulus)
(Circuits: q = CV or V = q/C)

F = C dx/dt shock absorber (dashpot)
(Circuits: V=iR, or V = R dq/dt)
What about F = m d
2
x/dt
2
?
Same as F = ma Newtons law of motion.
(Circuits: V = L di/dt = L d
2
q/d
2
t)
Mass is inductance
If we know something about how
circuits behave, we know
something about how mechanical
systems behave.
One major difference: Circuits tend to be
discrete. Mechanical systems tend to be
distributed. We must deal with spatial
relationships.
Styrofoam Cup
Is a styrofoam cup elastic, plastic or
viscoelastic?

Place your answer here:
YES
Important Stuff from Chapter 1
Units must match
Hierarchy of Mechanical Measures

) (
) (
2
2
2
sec
cm/sec
) cm (
cm
dt
x d
dt
dv
a
dt
dx
v
x
= =
=
s
m
gm
m/ N
N
N sec cm
2
dt
dE
P
x d F d F E
dt
v d
m a m F
=
= =
= =
}

) (
Important Stuff from Chapter 1
Energy and Torque (Same units, but

m N
}
= =
=
x d F d F E
F r T

Torque is a vector, Energy is a scalar.

Torque is instantaneous, Energy happens over time.
Important Stuff from Chapter 1
Know your greek letters:

mu is
nu is
eta is
gamma is epsilon is
upsilon is xi is
zeta is

v
q
c
u
,
Modeling and Approximation
In general, it is always best to begin with a
simple basic model that represents the
system. Gradually, the model can be
expanded on the basis of experience

But
Do not throw out the baby with the bath
water.
Generalized Procedure
1. Select the system
2. Postulate characteristics
3. Simplify with approximations
4. Relate body parts to mechanical elements
5. Construct the mechanical model
6. Apply principles of mechanics
7. Solve for unknowns
8. Compare to experiments
9. Repeat from step 3

From Chapter 2
You need to know how to
manipulate vectors.
Vectors are the only way to
represent systems in
space.

Review: Dot product, cross
product, how to calculate
them, and what they
mean.
For distributed systems:
2
, , , , V = V V V V V V v f v

Vector Arithmetic
Add Head to tail
Subtract reverse direction and then add
A + B
A - B
A
B