SOCIAL

Control and Conformity

RATIONALE
Throughout history, Human Society everywhere in the world have set
and enforced rules, or norms.
Does not exist only on formal organizations
Different rules and norms
Different punishment and severity of violation
Word RULE and ENFORCEMENT is UNIVERSAL


SOCIAL ORDER
needs
SOCIAL CONTROL
Social Control various means used by society to bring its member
back in line with cultural norms

2 TYPES
Formal Social Control components of society that is designed for
the re-socialization of individuals who break formal rules
Informal Social Control elements of society that is designed to
reinforce informal cultural norms.
FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
Outlined motivations underlying the formal control system

1. Retribution holds that punishment is a necessary consequence of a crime and
should be calculated based on the gravity of the wrong done
2. Deterrence - use of punishment as a threat to deter (discourage) people from
offending.
3. Rehabilitation turning back individuals back to being a productive member of
society.
4. Social Protection removing deviant members from non-deviant members of
society
DEVIANCE
Deviance - Violate cultural norms/state of departing from usual or
accepted standards
Crime / formal deviance violation of law
Violation of Social Informal Norms/Informal Deviance

Sociologist does not use the term DEVIANCE to refer specifically to
things that are immoral.
DEVIANCE is RELATIVE it is not the act itself that is deviant ; rather it
is peoples interpretation that makes it deviant.


Definition of Deviance
can also
change over time
Theories of DEVIANCE
1. Psychological Theory
2. Structural-Functionalist Perspective
3. Social Control Theory
4. Social-Conflict Perspective
5. Symbolic-Interactionist Perspective
6. Cultural-Transmission Theory
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY
Study the personality of the offender
Deviance is a product of disordered or abnormal minds
Stresses early childhood experiences, painful traumas that produce
antisocial act/deviant behavior
Deviant behavior is a kind of adaptive mechanism (to deal with
personality problem)
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Aspects of society contribute to the operation of the entire system
Emile Durkheim deviance contribute to society as a whole..knowing whats acceptable or not, moral
from immoral, identifying and punishing deviance also identifies what is considered acceptable.

3 TYPES of STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
Social Bonds
Structural Strain
- Innovation
- Ritualism
- Retreatism
- Rebels
Opportunity Structures
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Social bonds preindustrial (strong bond, work
together for the good of society) .industrial
(weak bond, encourage to focus individual wants
and desire)
weak bond results in ANOMIE.

Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Structural Strain Robert K. Merton expanded Durkheims concept.
- inconsistency of culturally approved means to achieve goals and those actual goals.
- Contrast between wants and economic realities.
4 deviant adaptation to strain
Innovation accept culturally approved goals but pursue them in ways that are not socially
approved
Ritualism does not believe in the established cultural goals of society, but they do believe in and
abide by the means for attaining those goals.
Retreatism - reject both the cultural goals and means, social dropouts ex: drug addicts
Rebels - reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those
goals, and also substitute new goals and new means of attaining those goals.
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
Opportunity Structure
- Limited means to achieve legitimate goals
- Block opportunities leads to subcultures ( ex. Stealing)

SOCIAL-CONTROL THEORY
Opportunities to deviate are all around us.
People conform due to social bonds, and if bonds are weak then most
likely to act deviant act.
Attachment
- Strong, caring relationship
- commitment to legitimate social goals (School, Church, etc..)
- consideration of the cost of deviance
Deviants are impulsive, lack of self control, insensitive, and risk takers.
SOCIAL-CONFLICT THEORY
Based on early observations of crime in capitalist society
Inequalities are inherent in capitalism
Poor had minimal resources and wanted to obtain more
Powerful group benefits much on how the law and criminal justice is
established.
The system focuses majorly on less powerful and overlooks the
activities of the powerful.
Crime control is in reality Class Control leading to MISDIRECTION
SYMBOLIC-INTERACTIONIST
PERSPECTIVE
This perspective places on our daily interactions.
Our self-concepts are based on others perception.
LABELING THEORY
- cannot explain the original causes of deviant behavior.
- focus not on behavior itself rather it is the response of others that labels the behavior as deviant
which results to further deviance.
- the result of label is secondary deviance, deviance committed as a result of the reactions of
others to previous deviant behavior.
- Negative labels can become a STIGMA which results for a person to change social identity
- Stigma becomes a MASTER STATUS


CULTURAL-TRANSMISSION THEORY
Deviance is learned to and shared through interaction with others.
Transferred through the process of socialization
Drawn from this theory is Differential association theory

Differential association theory
- The greater the frequency, duration, importance, and intensity of the
interaction, the greater that deviance will be shared.

GLOBALIZATION AND THE INTERNET
Deviance often has different definitions in different cultures.
It may cause social stress as to what cultural norms will an individual
embrace or reject, it results to increase of deviant acts/ crimes
Many countries is struggling in this issue.



THE END