The factors affect health

 Genetic Factors
intrinsic factor
 Personal behaviors

 Social sanitation service system

 Environment
extrinsic factor
 What is environment?

The physical, chemical, and biological

setting in which people live – in. other
words the condition of air, water, soil
and climate”
(World Resources Institute, 1998)
 Natural environment :

primitive environment

secondary environment

 Social environment
 Atmosphere

 Hydrosphere

 geosphere

 Biosphere
 Physical factors
 chemical factors
 biological factors
 social-psychological factors
 Ecological system( ecosystem)
 A functional system which constituted by biome and its
living surroundings. The substance, energy, information are
transferred in ecosystem.
 There are four parts in this system
 Producer
 consumer
 disintegrator
 Physical and chemical environment
 Ecological system( ecosystem)


Producer Lower-grade
consumer

Inorganic environment
(sun, water, air,etc.)

Higher-grade
disintegrator consumer
Food chain

All living things depend on each other to live.

The food chain shows how some animals eat
other animals to survive. While being food for
animals higher in the food chain, these animals
may eat other animals or plants to survive. The
food chain is a complex balance of life
Bioconcentration
when a chemical becomes absorbed and
concentrated in specific organs or tissues,
the concentration of the chemical in the
organism is higher than that in the
environment.
contributing factors:
•Persistent ingestion
•Ease be absorbed
•not easily broken down or excreted
•Seldom lead to acute hazards (death)
All this lead to bioaccumulation
Biomagnification

The level of some chemical or toxins in

the environment are magnified as they
pass through the food web, so the
toxins’ concentration in high trophic
level organism is higher than that in low
trophic level organism
Biomagnification

e.g., DDT is a fat-soluble chemical that

accumulates in the fatty tissues of animals,

and is not excreted easily. DDT becomes

higher in concentration in higher trophic level

DDT: Dichloro-diphenyl-tricgloroethane
二氯二苯三氯乙烷 , 滴滴涕 ( 一种杀虫
剂)
Substance oneness of human beings and
environment
Adaptability of human beings to environment
Human beings can change the world on
one's own initiative, environment will feed back
human beings
vn E
The relationship between human and environment

survival of the fittest

Adaptability of human beings to environment

Biological Physical
• Bacteria  Noise
• Viruses  Radiation
• Protozoan  Heat / cold
 Vibration

Chemical
• Solvents
• Metals
• Toxic
compounds
• Pesticides
 Pollutant produced by human being’s

activity, pour into environment and

exceed the environment capacity,
devastate ecological balance, influence
human body directly or indirectly. This
phenomenon called environment
pollution.
 Fargoing

 Low concentration
 Long-term

 Multifactor

 Those effect associate with each other,

with a lot of means.
 Physical pollution acute pollution

 Chemical pollution chronic pollution

 Biological pollution
 Acute poisoning: short time, big dose, high density
expose to pollutant
Such as: production accident, smog accident
 Chronic poisoning: long time, small dose, low density
expose to pollutant (un-reversible)
Such as: COPD
 Long term effect: carcinogenesis
teratogenesis
mutagenesis
http://www.medlineplus.gov/
 Green house effect
 Ozone deletion
 Acid rain
 Desertification

 Deforestation

 Wetland losses
 Loss of Biodiversity
 ……………..
 Hazard Identification--
identify health risks associated with exposure
 Dose-Response Assessment--
model the relationship between dose and
effects
 Exposure Assessment--
estimate a group’s exposure (amount, duration)
 Risk Characterization--
estimate the probability and severity of effects
How to prevent environment pollution

1
2
3
4
5 Do it now, do it from ourself
6
7
8
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Pertinent Web Sites
Acid Rain FAQs (Environment Canada))
Answers to frequently asked questions about acid rain.

Air Pollution - U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation

EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) deals with issues that affect the quality of our air
and protection from exposure to harmful radiation. OAR develops national programs,
technical policies, and regulations for controlling air pollution and radiation exposure.
Areas of concern to OAR include: indoor and outdoor air quality, stationary and mobile
sources of air pollution, radon, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, radiation
protection, and pollution prevention.

Atmospheric Ozone Concentrations

Ozone concentration maps from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

Atmospheric Pollution (EPA)

Here is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) atmospheric pollution home page.

Atmospheric Research & Information Centre (ARIC)

The ARIC is a multidisciplinary centre of excellence for the study and resolution of
atmospheric pollution issues located at Manchester University in England.
 Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) is the primary global-change
data and information analysis center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Here is the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) home Page.

EPA Internet Site Search Engine

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) search page can be used to search the
extensive EPA data base.

EPA Topics, Browse

Here is a site with access to a wide variety of topics related to the environment hosted by
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Montreal Protocol (AFEAS)

An international agreement, known as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer, controls the production and consumption of substances that can
cause ozone depletion.

National Air Quality Trends Brochure (1996) - Six Principal Pollutants

This site has an in-depth report on the six principal atmospheric pollutants.

Ozone Depletion
This site contains information about ozone depletion from the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
 Pollutionis an undesirable change in the
physical, chemical, or biological
characteristics of the air, soil, or water that
will be harmful to human life or that of other
species, the environment, or cultural assets;
or that will result in the deterioration of raw
materials resources.
Environment essential factor

 Biological factor

 Physical factor

 Chemical factor

 Psycho-social factor
There are four point show to you

 Environment and living beings is identical

 Environment and living beings depend on each other

 Living Beings can adapt itself to environment

 Human beings can reconstruct the environment

surround them,