Experimental Design

Pathophysiology
 Scientific method:

Scientific method is the tool that

devised for the analysis and solution
of problems in the natural world.
 Stages of scientific method

Observing a phenomenon that is in some way

interesting or puzzling .
Making a guess as to the phenomenon.
Design an experiment in order to know the
guess is true or false.
Carry out experiment and on the basis of the
results to decide the guess is true or false.
• Scientific experiments are popular in modern medical
education. In conducting the experiment, the
researcher must have an image of the specific content
and object of the medical research.
• This is called Experimental Design.

Control

features randomization

replication
∆ Experimental Design
( The basic forms)
• 1. Title
• 2. Introduction
• 3. Material and Method
• experimental object
• drugs and instruments
• dividing groups
• experimental steps
• 4. Experimental result( record or forecast)
• 5. Result analysis
• 6. Conclusion
 1. Title
Title should be suitable .

• The title should be small , not big .

• The title should be material( 具体的 ) ， not

abstractive .
Eg: The effect of A (some drug) to the cancer .
The effect of A (some drug) to the lung cancer .
 How to select the subject ?
• Aim: What do you want to resolve?
• Innovation: soul of the scientific research.
• Advanced:
• Scientific:
• Feasibility:

The principle of select the subject :

select the subject you are familiar and interested
 2. Introduction
(theory bases 、 research actuality 、 research aim)

• Why do you choose this experiment?

• What is the opinion of other researchers on this subject?

and what did they have not resolved?

• Bring forward your own hypothesis.

hypothesis is the core of the experiment.

 3. Material and Method

• experimental object:
The character of object must suit to experimental
requirement and be economical .
• drugs and instruments:
• dividing groups : Control、 Randomization 、
Replication
• experimental steps:
The sample content of experimental object

 Quantitative target( 定量指标 ):

≥10 ( specific numerical value)
For example: animal weight 、 blood pressure…

 Qualitative target ( 定性指标 ):

≥20 ( no specific numerical value)

For example: good or bad 、 dead or alive…
Control is the first principle of
experimental design

∗Eliminate the effect of non-experimental

factors
Control group: A+B+C+D
Experimental group: A+B+C+D+E

Result
（ changes ）
Randomization is the second
principle of experimental design .

• Random distribution is an important

method to enhance the balance ( 均衡
性 )between the groups.
 Replication is the third principle of
experimental design

∗ Experiment be required certain replication.

( 实验要求一定有一定的可重复性 )

∗ Experiment be required certain replication times.

( 实验要求一定的重复次数 )
4. Experimental result
( record or forecast)

• Record the original data and image.

• Show the result by tables﹑ figures﹑ words
et al.

For example:
 Target 1 Target 2 Target 3
Target 4
Experimental group

Control group

Experimental group

Control group

1 2 3 4 T
5. Result analysis

• What did the changes of the experimental

data or curve indicate? (disciplinarian)

• Uphold or overthrow the hypothesis .

 6. Conclusion
• Analyse the experimental result and
Summarize it in theory.

• Conclusion should be felicitous( 恰当 )

and should not be exaggerated.
Thanks !