CIV 498 Group Design Project

CIBC Bank College and Spadina

Authors: Brett Sagert 997233845 and
Shuliang (Peter) Sun 996007440
Presentation Layout
Introduction
Sustainability Measures
Retrofits Considered
- Photovoltaics - Passive Heating
- Non-Passive Heating - Green Roofs
- Rainwater Capture - Energy Efficient Fixtures
- Windows
Final Economics


Site Location

North West Corner of
College and Spadina
268 College Street
High Walkability and
Transit Access
Built Late 1980s
Current Condition
Three main faades
Three Entrances
Two Pedestrian
Typical Roof 480 m
A Small Parking Lot
One Washroom
No Lighting Schedule
Energy Consumption Baseline
63,000 ekWh Electrical
Consumption
300,000 ekWh Natural
Gas Consumption
282 m of Water
Consumption
(Assumption of 50 trips
to washroom/day)
Sustainability Measures
Energy and Cost
Significant savings to building
Projects must payback within ten year time period
Water Management
Zero consumption of city water, self-reliance
Energy efficient fixtures
Embodied Energy
Life cycle analysis
Sustainability Measures
Energy and Cost
Significant savings to building
Projects must payback within ten year time period
Water Management
Zero consumption of city water, self-reliance
Minimal consumption of city water
Energy efficient fixtures
Embodied Energy
Life cycle analysis
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
4 levels, in our analysis we look at 1st level
(direct energy input)
Manish K. Dixit, Charles H. Culp, Jose L Fernandez-Solis (2013) Our study
when you consume anything, you are consuming energy."
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) II
In a buildings life cycle theres Embodied Energy (2-38%) and
operational energy
In our LCA(1
st
level) we took into account the energy involved in
the raw material acquiring and transporting raw materials,
manufacturing, constructing, operating, decommissioning, and
disposal.



Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) III
By completing a LCA we are able to see the
effects that products, processes, and activities
that have on local, regional or global
environments.
Steel Aluminum Lumber Straw bale Concrete (30 Mpa) Glass
Virgin / Recycled
(MJ/Kg) 32/10 191/8 8.5 0.24 1.3 15.9
Embodied Carbon
(kg CO2 /kg) 1.8/0.7 8/1.7 0.46 0.24 1.3
Why is it important?
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) III
By completing a LCA we are able to see the
effects that products, processes, and activities
that have on local, regional or global
environments.
Steel Aluminum Lumber Straw bale
Concrete
(30 Mpa) Glass
Recycled
(MJ/Kg) 10 8
Virgin (MJ/Kg) 32 191 2.5 0.24 1.3 15.9
Why is it important?
Photovoltaics
-Off set peak electricity. FIT 2.0 rates for photovoltaic around 0.55$/ekWh.
-Want to install 10 kW system require about 90 m out of 478 m roof space
Photovoltaics
-Off set peak electricity. FIT 2.0 rates for photovoltaic around 0.55$/ekWh.
-Want to install 10 kW system require about 90 m out of 478 m roof space
LCA 1 kW 10kw system
Embodied Energy (kWh) 5598 55,980
Space needed (ft^2) 100 1,000
(m^2) 9.7 97
Energy Generated kWh/year 1200 12,000
Payback Period (yrs) 5
Sanyo HIT Power 240S
Sanyo HIT 240S
Rated Power (S.T.C) 240 W
Cell Efficiency 21.6 %
Rated Power for 42 panels 10.1 kW
Panels per module 5 ( 1.2 kW)
Number of modules 7
Price per panel $560
Total price (42 panels) $23,520
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Magnetic Bearing (degrees)
Sun Position
July
August
September
October
November
December
9:00
January
February
March
42.000 -80.000
42d 0m 0s -80d 0m 0s
For Location
North Latitude Local Standard Time (UTC-8) East Longitude

Local Standard Time (UTC-8)

Local Standard Time (UTC-8)

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0 4 8 12 16 20 24
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Time (hr)
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Average Daily Insolation
Time (hr)
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Average Daily Insolation
Local Standard Time (UTC-8)
From solar insolation design tool
Assumptions: S.H.G.C. = 0.75 Window size: West (3.3m
2
) East (60 m
2
) South (85 m
2
)
Annual =~ 340,000 ekWh
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Jan
Feb
mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan Feb mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Series1 4636 5442 8131 9403 9717 7724 10542 9583 9915 8384 6323 4866
Monthly solar gain from windows (ekWh)
From solar insolation design tool
Many potential options
for passive lighting given
the high glazing ratio on
eastern and southern
faades
Solutions:
Eastern Faade Light
shelves and blinds
Southern Faade Light
shelves, trees and blinds
Passive Lighting and Heating
Many potential options
for passive lighting given
the high glazing ratio on
eastern and southern
faades
Solutions:
Eastern Faade Light
shelves and blinds
Southern Faade Light
shelves, trees and blinds
Passive Lighting and Heating
Light Shelves Retrofit
Cost ($/Light Shelf) 100 $/Light Shelf
Amount of Shelves Required 16
Material Cost ($)
1600 $
Labour Cost ($)
640 $
Total Cost ($)
2240 $
Energy Savings
14% of Lighting Load
Non-Passive Lighting
LED Lighting vs CFL Lighting


Light Sensors
Non-Passive Lighting
LED Lighting vs CFL Lighting


Light Sensors
Non-Passive Lighting Retrofits
Cost of LED Bulb ($/Bulb) 25 $/Bulb with 5$ Rebate
Amount of Bulbs Required 275
Cost of Light Sensor ($/Sensor)
63$/Sensor
Sensors Required
7
Labour Cost
960 $
Total Combined Cost ($)
8300 $
Energy Savings LED Bulbs
50% of Lighting Load
Energy Savings Light Sensors
20% of Lighting Load
Green Roofs
Benefits: Increase R-value of roof, reduce
urban heat island effect.
Intensive vs Extensive


Green Roofs
Benefits: Increase R-value of roof, reduce
urban heat island effect.
Intensive vs Extensive


Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Area (m^2) MJ
Study(K.Myrans) 1 2,850
Rooftop 478 1,361,588
Total Savings (MJ/year) 7,170
Payback Period (years) 190
*saving from Green Roofs as Urban Ecosystems (2007)
Rainwater Capture and Energy
Efficient Fixtures
10,000 Liter Cistern
Replace old toilet
13L/flush with high
efficient toilet
4.8L/flush
Replace the old
faucets 8L/min with
high efficiency faucet
3.2L/min
Cistern Data
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
W
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Time
Harvested Water Use
Gain (L)
Use (L)
Net (L)
Rainwater Capture and Energy
Efficient Fixtures
10,000 Liter Cistern
Replace old toilet
13L/flush with high
efficient toilet
4.8L/flush
Replace the old
faucets 8L/min with
high efficiency faucet
3.2L/min
Rainwater Capture and Energy
Efficient Fixtures
10,000 Liter Cistern
Replace old toilet
13L/flush with high
efficient toilet
4.8L/flush
Replace the old
faucets 8L/min with
high efficiency faucet
3.2L/min
Water Retrofits
Cost of Cistern + Labour ($) 5380 $
Cost of New Toilet + Labour ($) 520 $
Cost of New Faucets + Labour ($)
210 $
Total Combined Cost ($)
6110 $
Original Water Consumption (m)
282
Combined Water Savings (m)
264
Annual Water Savings
94%
Windows
Prominent feature of the building site.
Currently single glazed 1/2 with aluminum
framing.

window m^2 ft^2
West 3.3 11
East 60 194
South 85 274
total =
(N,E,S,W) 148.3 478
the eyes to a building
Double glazed with argon fill vs.
Electro-Chromic
http://www.efficientwindows.org/glazing_.cfm?id=6
Study:
( G.Weier & Muneer)
(E. Syrrakou, S.
Papaefthimiou*, N.
Skarpentzos and P.
Yianoulis)
Type Argon Electro chromic
Area
(m^2) ekWh ekWh
*Study
Window

1 199 51
West 3 656 169
East 60 11,933 3,067
South 85 16,905 4,344
Total =
(N,E,S,W) 148 29,494 7,580
Total savings
(kWh/year) 16,802 22,136
Payback period (years) 1.8 0.3
Double Glazed Argon fill
Double Glaze Electro Chromic
E. Syrrakou, S. Papaefthimiou*, N. Skarpentzos and P. Yianoulis (2005)
Retrofit Savings Summary

Retrofit
Material
Cost ($)
Number
of Hours
Labour
Cost ($)
Material
+ Labor
Cost ($)
Electricity
gas
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Fit
Electricity
Energy
Savings
(kWh)
Water
Savings
(m^3)
Electrical Photovoltaics 50000 24 0 50000 0 12000 0
LED Lighting 6875 11 880 7755 8805 0 0
Light Shelves 1600 8 640 2240 1761 0 0
Light Sensors 441 1 80 521 1233 0 0
Water Cistern 4100 16 1280 5380 0 0 264
Toilet 200 4 320 520 0 0 0
Faucets 65 1 80 145 0 0 0
Total Savings 63,281 65 3,280 66,561 11,799 12,000 264
75%
12%
3%
1%
8%
1%
0%
Retrofit Breakdown By Cost
Photovoltaics
LED Lighting
Light Shelves
Light Sensors
Cistern
Toilet
Faucets
51%
37%
7%
5%
Retrofit Breakdown by Electrical Savings
Photovoltaics
LED Lighting
Light Shelves
Light Sensors
Retrofit Breakdown
Economic Payback
$(60,000)
$(50,000)
$(40,000)
$(30,000)
$(20,000)
$(10,000)
$-
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Capital Over A 10 Year Time Peroid