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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
IN HUMANS AND OTHER
ANIMALS
7/24/2014
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The Circulatory System In Humans, Fish
and Amphibians
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The circulatory system of these organisms can be divided into
two that is :
*open circulatory system
*closed circulatory system
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-When the heart relaxs , haemolymph drawn back into
the hearts through pores called ostia .
-Closed circulatory system present in all vertebrates
include humans and molluscs .
-Blood is confined in vessels .
One heart are pump blood into major vessels that branch
into smaller vessels in organs . Chemical exchange occurs
between blood and interstitial fluid and between the
interstitial fluid and body cell .

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.

-Has a heart with two main chambers , one atrium
and one ventricle .
-Blood leaving the ventricle will travel to the gill capillaries
where gaseous exchange occurs .
-The gill capillaries converge into a vessel that carries
oxygenated blood to body capillaries or systemic
capillaries .
-Blood flows in only one circuit with the blood being
pumped through the gill capillaries and then to the
systematic capillaries . Hence , it called single
circulatory system .

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Circulatory system in Amphibians

-frogs & others amphibians have a 3 chambered heart: 2 atria & 1
ventricle
-oxygenated blood from lungs is sent to the left atrium
-deoxygenated blood from the body is carried into the right atrium
-blood from both atria enters a single ventricle
-there us some mixing of oxygenated blood in the ventricle
-most of the oxygenated blood remains in the left portion of the
ventricle while deoxygenated blood tends to remain in the right
portion of the ventricle
-the ventricle pumps blood through the systematic circulation and
pulmocutaneous circulation
-the pulmocutaneous circulation delivers the deoxygenated blood to
the organs involved in gaseous exchange, that are the lungs and
skin.
-the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart
-then, it is pumped into the systematic circulation
-the systematic circulation carries the oxygenated blood to the body
tissues and returns the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
through the veins
-as the blood flows into two different, separate circulation: the
pulmocutaneous circulation & the systemic circulation.
-hence, the system is known as the double circulatory system.

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Circulatory system in Human
-four chambered heart, 2 atria and 2 completely separated
ventricles
-deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood do not mix
-four chambers ensure efficient and rapid movement of highly
oxygenated blood to the organs of body
-pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood in the right ventricles
is pumped into the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry the
blood to the lungs. This allows the removal of carbon dioxide and
the intake of oxygen from the air into the alveoli.
-systemic circulation, blood is carried from the heart to the other
parts of the body except the lungs. The oxygenated blood from
the lungs returns to the left atrium and flow into the left ventricle.
The oxygenated blood is then pumped into the systemic capillaries
-human have a double circulatory system. This means that in
complete circulation, the blood flows through the heart twice.
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Circulatory system in Human body
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The End..

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