Pre Test:

Directions: Write True, if the answer is correct, or

False if it is incorrect.
1.A stethoscope is used for listening the
action of the heart.
2. Temperatures are bodily functions that
reflect the bodys state of health and are easily
measurable.
3. When measuring the clients
temperature, it is not important for the caregiver to
wash his/her hands because he/she does not come
in contact with the clients bodily fluid.
4. As a caregiver, you should inform the
client when you take his temperature orally.
5. The earpieces of the stethoscope must
be placed into your ears.
Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The use of this type of temperature is now
being eradicated as the mercury content is
dangerous to people.
a. Clinical Thermometer
b. Digital Thermometer
c. Ear Digital Thermometer
d. Infrared Thermometer
2. What is the balance between heat produced
and heat lost in body?

a. Pulse Rate
b. Body Temperature
c. Respiratory Rate
d. Blood Pressure
3. The normal range of body temperature is

a. 38 C 38. 5 C
b. 35 C 37 C
c. 39 C - 40 C
d. 29 C 30 C
4. A kind of temperature that is placed under
the armpit

a. Oral Thermometer
b. Rectal Thermometer
c. Axillary Thermometer
d. None of the above
5. Any reading taken in this location is already
the exact temperature.
a. Oral
b. Rectal
c. Axillary
d. None of the above
Answers
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. c
5. a
Transfer Goal
Recognize in particular, the use and functions the
tools, equipment and paraphernalia in caregiving.

Independently use the tools, equipment and
paraphernalia appropriate for the purpose in
caregiving

Preserve the tools, equipment and paraphernalia
being utilized in any caregiving activity

Maintain the tools, equipment and paraphernalia
in caregiving

Essential Understanding
In providing health care, a caregiver
must master the proper utilization of
the equipment, tools and
paraphernalia.
There are common tools and equipment
in taking the vital signs, following its
functions and purposes.

Essential Question
In taking the vital signs of a client or
patient, what is the specific equipment to
be used?

List down the steps on how to use the
thermometer, stethoscope and BP
Apparatus properly.

Demonstrate how to use the thermometer,
stethoscope and BP Apparatus.

Read the bible passage :
Prov 3:5:

Trust in the LORD with all your
heart and lean not on your own
understanding.
Answer the following:
1.What does the bible passage means?

2. How will you relate it in your daily lives?

3.Relate the bible passage to our topic
Caregiving.
Vital Signs

- also referred to as cardinal signs,
generally include pulse rate,
temperature, respiration and blood
pressure.

Reasons for getting Vital Signs
Data Base
Formulation of Treatment Plan Program
Setting of Goals
Assessment or evaluation of the
treatment plan
Pulse RATE
- Is a measurement of the heart rate, of the
number of times the heart beats per minute. It
varies among individuals depending on their
age, sex and body size.

unit used in measuring pulse


Pulse
- The rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced
by the regular contractions of the heart,
especially as palpated at the wrist or in the
neck
The 9 Pulse Sites
1. Temporal found at the side of the forehead
2. Facial upper portion of the jaw
3. Carotid side of the neck
4. Brachial / Cubittal inner aspect of fore are at the ante
cubittal space (crease of the elbow)
5. Radial right side of the wrist (thumb) where pulse is usually
taken
6. Ulnar left side of the wrist along the smallest finger
7. Femoral inner aspect of the upper thigh/near the groin
8. Popliteal behind the knee/back of the knee
9. Dorsalis pedis two fingers below the middle/center of the
foot wrist
Temporal
Individual Pulse Rate according to age and number of beats per minute (bpm)
Average 70 75 bpm
Adults 60 90 bpm
Adult men 60 70 bpm
Adult women 65 80 bpm
Children over 7 years old 70 90 bpm
Children from 1 year old - 7 years old 80 - 110 bpm
Infants 110 - 160 bpm
Bradycardia / Bradycardic Below 50 bpm
Tachycardia / Tachycardic Over 120 bpm (except among infants)
FACTORS AFFECTING
PULSE RATE
Age
As age increases, the pulse rate gradually decreases
Sex
After puberty, the average males pulse rate is slightly lower
than the females.
Exercise
Pulse rate usually increases with activity
Fever
The pulse rate increases in response to the lowered blood
pressure that associated with elevated body temperature,
Medications
Some medications decrease the pulse rate, and others increase
it.
TAKING BODY
TEMPERATURE
Transfer Goals
Identify the factors involved in taking
body temperature.

Appropriately utilize the tools and
equipment used in taking body
temperature.

Clean and store the tools and equipment
used in taking body temperature




Essential Understanding

Body Temperature

Causes of Fever

Temperature measured in Centigrade
to Fahrenheit.


Essential Question

Define the meaning of body
temperature

Identify the causes of fever

Convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit

Pre - Test
Directions: On your paper, draw STAR if the
answer is correct, and CIRCLE if it is incorrect.

1. Temperature taken orally is the most accessible
and convenient method.
2. Fever is not an important symptom of an illness.
3. Temperature taken in the armpit is the most
accurate measurement.
4. Our emotions does not affect the body
temperature.
5. Ear digital thermometer measures the heat
coming from the eardrum.

Read the Bible Passage
Temperature
is a measurement of the amount
of heat in the body. The balance
between heat produced and heat
lost is the body temperature.
Range of Body Temperature
Hypothermia Below 29 C
Average / Normothermia 35 C 37 C
Fever/Pyrexia 38 C 39 C
Hyper Pyrexia / Hyper
Thermia
40 C - 44 C
Hypothermia
From the greek words hypo
below and therm heat

A condition in which temperature is
abnormally lower than the normal.



Fever/PYREXIA
From the greek word pyrecticus
fever.

One of the common medical signs
and is characterized by an elevation of
body temperature above normal range.



hyperPYREXIA
From the greek words hyper
rise and pyrexia fever.

Occurs when the body produces or
absorbs more heat that it can dissipate.



Methods of Taking Body
Temperature
In the mouth (ORAL TEMPERATURE)
- most accessible and convenient method of
taking temperature.

In the anus (RECTAL TEMPERATURE)
- Is the most accurate method for measuring
the core temperature.
Methods of Taking Body
Temperature
Under the arm(AXILLARY TEMPERATURE)

- Safest and not involving the introduction
of instruments into the body.
Normal Ranges of body
temperature
Oral Temp. : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius

Rectal Temp. : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius

Axillary Temp. :35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius
Factors that Affect Body Temperature
Climate / Environment
Exercise
Increase Metabolism
Menstrual Period
Emotions
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
THERMOMETERS
Clinical Thermometer
It is made of glass with a narrowing
above the bulb so that the mercury
column stays in position even when the
instrument is removed.
CLINICAL THERMOMETER
Digital Thermometer
This type of thermometer does not
use mercury which is hazardous to
humans. Using this is simple, quick and
effective.
DIGITAL THERMOMETER
Ear Digital Thermometer
This thermometer measures the
heat coming from the eardrum.
EAR DIGITAL
THERMOMETER
Conversion of Centigrade to
Fahrenheit
To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit,
multiply by 9/5 and add 32.
F = (9/5 x C ) + 32
To change Fahrenheit to Centigrade, subtract
32 and multiply by 5/9.
C = (F 32 ) x 5/9
BP APPARATUS
Blood pressure is the force of the blood
pushing against the walls of the blood
vessels. Each time the heart beats, it
pumps blood into the arteries.
When the heart is contracting, the
pressure is highest. This pressure is
called Systolic Pressure.
As the heart is at its most relaxed state,
the pressure is lowest and what we call
as Diastolic Pressure.
How the heart pumps?
Watch this video
SPHYGMOMANOMETER or BLOOD
PRESSURE METER
Stethoscope
Stethoscope

A stethoscope is an instrument which
is used for listening to the action of the
heart, lungs, etc., usually consisting of a
circular piece placed against the chest, with
tubes leading to earpieces.
BP Apparatus Aneroid
(sphygmomanometer)

An aneroid unit is mercury free and
consists of a cuff that can be applied with
one hand for self-testing; a stethoscope
that is built in or attached; and a valve that
inflates and deflates automatically with the
data displayed on an easy-to-read gauge
that will function in any position.
BP Apparatus Aneroid
(sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Mercurial
(sphygmomanometer)

A mercury-based unit has a manually
inflatable cuff attached by tubing to the unit
that is calibrated in millimeters of mercury.
During blood pressure measurement, the unit
must be kept upright on a flat surface and the
gauge read at eye level.
BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Digital
(sphygmomanometer)
A digital unit is mercury free and consists
of a cuff that can be applied with one hand
for self-testing; a stethoscope that is built in
or attached; and a valve that inflates and
deflates automatically with the data
displayed on the LCD
BP Apparatus Digital
(sphygmomanometer)
RESPIRATION
Test
HOME
NURSING
Home Nursing
Is the act of taking care of a
sick person at home so that the
person receives all attention at
the same time retains his/her
sense of independence and
privacy

Basic needs of a patient that the
home nurse should take into
consideration:
1. Eat and drink adequately
2. Keep the body clean
3. Select and wear comfortable clothing
4. Be in safe and secure environment
5. Move and maintain a comfortable position
6. Sleep and rest adequately
7. Breathe normally

8. Maintain normal body temperature
9. Communicate with others, express
emotions, and needs
10. Play and participate in some
recreations
11. Learn and satisfy curiosity that is part
of normal development and health
12. Have company
13. Respect his/her privacy

Personality Traits of a Home Nurse

1.Attentive and Receptive a home nurse
should be considerate to the patients feelings
and needs. He should be attentive to the
patients choices about his/her care

2.Cheerful a jolly and gay person
communicates his own good spirits to others,
thereby inspiring the patient to work with home
nurse in order to fasten his recovery



3. Understanding a home nurse should
be considerate and sensitive to the patients
moods, physical pain and sensitiveness

4. Resourceful and Flexible a home
nurse should be capable of dealing
skillfully with patients concern and should
easily adjust to the needs of the patient

5. Knowledge a home nurse should keep records of
the patients vital signs, food intake, medicine intake,
bowel movement and frequency of urination. This will
help the doctor monitor and assess the patients health
status


6. Dependable and reliable For the home nurse to be
effective in giving the medication, he/she should follow
specific instructions, correct dosage and prescribes time
given by the doctor


7. Well groomed A home nurse should be clean, neat
and tidy in every way such as dressing in a simple manner
but being well-groomed and smelling fresh.
Test for LESSON II