HALILI, CARMELA CHARMAINE D.

II BS-PSY
INTRODUCTION
Eye, light-sensitive organ of vision in animals. The
eyes of various species vary from simple structures that are
capable only of differentiating between light and dark to
complex organssuch as those of humans and other
mammalsthat can distinguish minute variations of shape,
color, brightness, and distance. The actual process of seeing is
performed by the brain rather than by the eye. The function of
the eye is to translate the electromagnetic vibrations of light
into patterns of nerve impulses that are transmitted to the
brain.


DEFECTS OF THE EYE
Myopia: (nearsightedness) This is a defect
of vision in which far the refractive power of the eyes
lens too strong. objects appear blurred but near
objects are seen clearly.
Hyperopia: (farsightedness) This is a
defect of vision in which there is difficulty with near
vision but far objects can be seen easily. The image is
focused behind the retina rather than upon it. This
occurs when the eyeball is too short or the refractive
power of the lens is too weak.


Astigmatism: This defect is when the light
rays do not all come to a single focal point on
the retina, instead some focus on the retina and
some focus in front of or behind it. This is
usually caused by a non-uniform curvature of
the cornea.
Blindness: is one of the eye defects that
most people fear the most. In some cases,
the blindness is a result of some sudden
trauma to the ocular system, such as in an
accident where damage to the head is
sustained.
Eye related problems:
Glaucoma: is a disease caused by
increased IOP usually resulting from a
malfunction in the eyes drainage system.



Cataracts: is a clouding of the lens,
which prevents a clear, sharp image being
produced.

Age-related macular degeneration
(ARMD): This is a degenerative condition of the
macula (the central retina). It is caused by the
hardening of the arteries that nourish the retina.
This deprives the retinal tissue of the nutrients
and oxygen that it needs to function and causes
a deterioration in central vision.

DIFFERENT FOCUS OF EYE
Focusing the Eye
Light rays entering the eye are refracted, or bent, when they
pass through the lens. Normal vision requires that the rays focus on
the retina. If the eyeball is too long, an accurately focused image falls
short of the retina. This is called myopia, or shortsightedness. A
shortsighted person sees distant objects unclearly. Longsighted focus,
or hyperopia, results when the eyeball is too short. In this case, an
accurately focused image would fall behind the retina.

CONCAVE LENS
CONVEX LENS