Geometry

In





Geometry has inspired both art and
architecture. The shapes of the buildings
and monuments tell stories about the
intentions behind the creation, as well as
provide clues as to the ideas and
methods of their creators. This
inspiration dates back thousands of years
while remaining significant in our
modern monuments. These monuments
all hold a special place in the history of
these cultures.
Buildings and geometry
In the Indian subcontinent, the
excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-
Daro etc made extensive use of
geometry. The society was well
organised. They had parallel roads,
houses with many rooms. This
showed that the people where highly
skilled in menstruations and practical
geometry.


The following examples showed that geometry was
being developed and applied every where.
There was an area of mathematical applications
called Rekha Ganita (Line Computation).
The Sulva Sutras, which literally mean 'Rule of the
Chord' give geometrical methods of constructing
altars and temples. The temples layouts were
called Mandalas. Some of important works in this
field are by Brahmagupta, Aryabhata and
Bhaskara II.






Aryabhatta Brahmagupta Bhaskara ll

Many motifs in Hindu temples and
Palaces display a mix of floral and
Geometric patterns.
The Buddhist Pagodas borrowed
their plan of construction from the
geometric grid of the Mandala used
for constructing temples in India
The actual geometric history began in India with the publication
of the Satapatha Brahmana (Brahmana of one-hundred paths).
This book outlined ritual Vedic geometric constructions
(historical predecessor of Hinduism) associated with the Shukla
Yajurveda (third of the four canonical texts of Hinduism). These
are similar to the rules for the construction of sacrificial fire
altars included in the Sulba Sutras (Aphorisms of the Chords).
This book has one of the earliest expressions of the
Pythagorean Theorem despite the fact it had already been
known to the Old Babylonians.
It reads:The diagonal rope of an oblong (rectangle) produces
both which the flank and the horizontal <ropes> produce
separately."
Trying to interpret this vague explanation will likely lead to
throbbing headaches, but the implication of the square areas
constructed on their lengths is lurking somewhere under the
surface.

It deals in detail with the Sulbasutras ,
with the mathematical parts of Jaina
Canonical works of the Hindu Siddhantas,
and with the contributions to geometry
made by the astronomer mathematicians
Aryabhata I & II, Sripati, Bhaskara I & II,
Sangamagrama Madhava, Paramesvara,
Nilakantha, his disciples and a host of
others. The works of the mathematicians
Mahavira, Sridhara and Narayana
Pandita and the Bakshali Manuscript
have also been studied.
Famous Indian Mathematicians
Panini
Pingala
Varahamihra
Aryabhata
Yativabha
Brahmagupta
Bhaskara I
Shridhara
Mahavira
Pavuluri Mallana
Hemachandra
Bhaskara II

P.P.T BY: ELSA EBBY
INFORMATION BY: HRITIKA & ELSA
PRESENTATION BY:ANANYA,
HRITKA, ELSA