PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH

A Teaching Style
Prepared by:
RYNEIL M. ALMARIO, RN
Problem-based Approach
Learning is that which results from the
process of working towards the
understanding or resolution of a
problem
Barrows & Tamblyn, 1980
What is problem-based
learning?
A learning method based on the principle of using
problems as a starting point for the acquisition and
integration of new knowledge.
H.S. Barrows, 1982

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an educational
process in which learning is centered around problems
as opposed to discrete subject-related courses.
Bradshaw & Lowenstein, 2007
Problem-solving VS. Problem-
based Learning
Problem-based learning - the process of
acquiring new knowledge based on
recognition of a need to learn.

Problem-solving - arriving at decisions based
on prior knowledge and reasoning


Role Changes
The students assume increasing responsibility
for their learning, giving them more motivation
and more feelings of accomplishment, setting
the pattern for them to become successful life-
long learners.

Goals of PBL
i. Construct an extensive and flexible knowledge
base.
ii. Develop effective problem-solving skills.
iii. Develop self-directed lifelong learning skills.
iv. Become more effective collaborators.
v. Become intrinsically motivated to learn.

Advantages
1. Fosters active and cooperative learning to critically
think, and clinical reasoning.
2. Students use skills of inquiry and critical thinking, as
well as peer teaching and peer evaluation.
3. Increases student responsibility for self-directed and
peer learning.
4. Develops flexible knowledge that can be applied to
different contexts.
5. Learning method develops lifelong learning skills.
Disadvantages
1. Involves faculty time in developing the problem
situation.
2. Require shifts of roles of faculty and student.
3. Student learning seems to be connected to the
effectiveness of the case as well as the functioning of
the group.
4. Difficult and expensive to use as a teaching
technique when the class size is large.
Conclusion
Problem-based learning involves a journey,
using particular case study materials and a
series of stages which identify the problem, and
refine the students analysis of this, before
enabling him/her to move towards tentative
solutions.
References:
Bradshaw & Lowenstein (2007). Innovative Teaching
Strategies in Nursing and Related Health Professionals.
Bob Price (2003). Studying Nursing Using Problem-based
And Enquiry-based Learning.
Judith B. Howard, Ph.D (March 2003). Problem-based
Learning In Teacher Education
Francis M Quinn (2000). Principles And Practice Of Nurse
Educator
Rose Utley (2007). Theory And Research