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more sunlight.
Topography – basin helps trapping pollutants
Chemical Reactions of Smog
A few important reactions:
Saturday
We can use the ozone level s a general air quality index. On this day, the
peak ozone level at Pasadena was nearly 200 units while it was about 80
units in West LA. High ozone level indicates poor air quality.
A low pressure system was
moving closer to the west
coast and a cold front was
approaching Southern
California. The weather was
expected to become cloudier
and the air less stable. Usually
the air quality can be expected
to improve under such weather
condition.
This is the satellite image
of the day showing the
approaching cold front
system. The sky over S.
California was still clear
but the vertical motion of
air was stronger than before
and the air quality should
improve somewhat.
Sunday
And indeed the air quality was improved. The peak ozone level in
dropped to ~ 100 units in Pasadena and ~ 70 in WLA.
On the next day the cold
front was right over the west
coast.Southern California
weather was cloudy. The
atmosphere was unstable
and air quality should be
improved further.
Monday
Look at the remarkable improvement of ozone levels at Pasadena and W.
LA! The above series of slides show clearly the intimate relation between
local air quality and weather.
Air Stagnation due to High Pressure Systems
During the life cycle of plants, some organic particles (such as turpanoids)
are ejected. Due to the high frequency of air stagnation these particles tend
to stay in the air for a long time and hence the hazy look. This is of course a
natural phenomenon and not a man-made pollution, but it is another good
example of the close relation between particle concentration and weather.
Emission Control
NOX emitted.
(2) The designation of ‘diamond lanes’— only cars with two or
The problem, however, will stay as long as the traffic volume is large.
One really needs to develop an efficient public transportation system
in a city like that.
Vacuum-Insulated Automotive Catalytic
Converter
Converter Basics:
Variable-conductance
vacuum insulation and
phase change material
(heat storage) are used
to keep catalytic
converters hot for up to
24 hours.
By having a hot (>
250oC) converter at the
start of a trip, auto
emissions can be
reduced by up to 80%.
NREL developed and
patented this concept,
and has worked with
Benteler Industries of
Grand Rapids, Mich., to
commercialize it under a