Electronic Filters

Engr. Edelito A. Handig

Introduction
Filtering
It is a process of changing the relative
magnitudes of different signals which are of
different frequencies.
Electronic Filter
An electronic circuits which perform signal
processing functions, specifically to remove
unwanted frequency components from the
signal, to enhance wanted ones, or both.

Introduction
Pass-band
It is the band of frequencies that a filter
allows to pass through.
Stop-band
It is the band of frequencies that a filter
attenuates.
Roll-off rate
It is the rate of transition from pass-band to
stop- band or vice versa.

Introduction
Cut-off Frequency
It is the boundary frequency between pass-
band and stop-band. Also known as -3dB
freq., corner freq., break freq., freq. at
0.707Vmax or at half power output.
Octave
It is the change in frequency by a factor of
two.
Decade
It is the change in frequency by a factor of
ten.

Introduction
Types of Filters:
According to filtering components:
Passive Filter
Active Filter

According to frequency response:
Low pass filter
High pass filter
Band-pass filter
Band-stop filter
Active and Passive Filters
Passive implementations of filters are based on
combinations of resistors (R), inductors (L),
and capacitors (C). They do not depend upon an
external power supply and/or they do not
contain active components such as transistors or
amplifiers.

Active filters are implemented using a
combination of passive and active (amplifying)
components, and require an outside power
source.
Low pass filter
A low-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes
low frequency signals but attenuates signals with
frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.
It is sometimes called a high-cut filter, or treble
cut filter when used in audio applications.

Low pass filter
Gain vs. Frequency Response

High pass filter
A high-pass filter (HPF) is an electronic filter that
passes high-frequency signals but attenuates
signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff
frequency.
It is sometimes called a low-cut filter or bass-cut
filter. High-pass filters are use to block DC from
circuitry sensitive to non-zero average voltages
or RF devices.
High pass filter
Active filter implementation and
its Gain vs. Frequency response

Filter: Seatwork
Analyze the given circuits. Identify the type of
filter. Show a proof or explain your answer.