Hydraulic Seals &

Packing's
Marvel Mathias
100926019
Introduction
Leakage exists in a hydraulic system. Seals are used to arrest this
leakage in order to keep the system running at optimum efficiency.
Seals are also used to prevent dirt, dust and other foreign particles from
entering the system

Seals are used in both static and dynamic portions of hydraulic
components. Major portion of application of seals involves the static
part.

Seals are used to seal the static mating parts between valve bodies,
pumps, reservoirs, pipes, couplings, etc.

Classification of seals
Based on methods of sealing:
Positive sealing:
Prevents even a minute amount of fluid from getting
past.
Non-positive sealing:
Allows a small amount of internal leakage.


Commonly classified as:
Static seals- They are used
when no relative motion
occurs b/w the mating parts.
Dynamic seals- They are
used b/w surfaces of
hydraulic parts where
movement occurs and
controls both leakage and
lubrication.

Rod seals and piston seals
Rod seals are radial seals.
Rod seals are used on the
cylinder rod.
The rod seal seals at both
high pressure and
temperature.
The rod seal are used for
linear and dynamic sealing
applications
Piston seals are also radial seals.
Piston seals are used on the
cylinder piston.
Same purpose as that of rod seals
and to maintain a high
performance during their service
life.
The piston seals are also used for
linear and dynamic sealing
applications.
Types of Hydraulic seals &
Packing's
O-rings
U-ring packing
V-packing
Cup seal
Back-up rings
T-seal
Wiper rings



O-Rings
The most popular seal used in mobile
hydraulics.
Usually made of synthetic rubber.
Used in both static and dynamic
applications.
Are designed for use in grooves where
they are compressed between two
surfaces.
In dynamic use they must have a
smooth surface to work against.
O-Rings are not normally used where
they must cross an opening, pass a
corner or on rotating shafts due to wear
problems.

O-Rings
Are often used with a back-up ring
to prevent squeezing out when
used in high pressure applications.
Back-up rings are made of fiber,
leather, synthetic plastic, or rubber.
In dynamic applications the O-ring
Groove must be wider than the O-
ring to allow for the O-ring to roll
and lubricate itself.
U and V Packings
U and V packings are dynamic seals
for rods, pump shafts, and gland nuts.
Typically made of multiple rings of
leather, synthetic or natural rubber, and
plastics.
Most often installed with the open side
toward the area with the greatest
pressure
U-packings are used as both rod seal
or piston seal.


U-ring
V-ring
Cup seal
Mostly used in cylinder pistons.
Cups are available in a variety of geometric
configurations and made of various
materials.
Polyurethane and leather piston cups are
used for abrasion resistance and anti-
extrusion at extreme pressures.
Neoprene is used for low pressure
applications
Back-up rings
Sometimes O-rings are more
prone to extrusion in the gap b/w
sliding components and also are
generally more prone to leakage.
In order to avoid extrusion as
well as to stop the leakage, a
back-up ring is used to support
an O-ring.
Main purpose of a back-up ring is
to reduce the clearance gap on
the low pressure side of the O-
ring.
Advantages of back-up rings
Provides increased lubrication of O-ring as some oil may get trapped
b/w it and the O-ring seal
Enhances life of O-ring seal
Resists higher pressure
Helps to keep O-ring round even under high pressure
With proper groove designs, back-up rings dont collapse thereby
reducing system failure
Permits higher metal to metal clearance b/w moving parts

T-seals
T-seal functions without rolling, spiral
failure and does not extrude
T-seal can be used both as rod seal or
piston seal
T-seal is simple to install as O-ring and
provides effective sealing in both static
and dynamic operations
T-seal has good low pressure sealing
capabilities
Wiper rings
Cylinder rod allows outside impurities to
enter into the cylinder and contaminate
the whole system.
To protect the hydraulic system from such
external contaminants, wiper seal is
used.
The function of a wiper is to protect the
rod seal from damage and to act as a
secondary seal.
Buffer seals
Buffer rings is a sealing device used as a buffer to reduce the impact
of pressure spikes on the rod seal.
Buffer seals are used for rod seal application only.

Wear rings
The sliding motion of the piston results in metal to metal contact and
eventually affect the process.
Therefore piston and rod need to be supported by guiding elements such
as wear rings.
Absorbs transverse load also
Factors for Seal Selection
Working pressure and pressure range
Environmental condition
Fluid medium
Dynamic or static application
Temperature of the system
Functional reliability and expected life
Sealing efficiency
Sealing efficiency depends on:
o Clearance
o Friction
o Lubrication
o Hardness
o Compatibility of sealing material
o Seal misorientation

Seal Material
Leather- It is commonly used as seal material for both static and
dynamic seals. They are preferred due to their wear and abrasion
resistance, low co-efficient of friction, lubricating property, etc.
Metals- Metals are not common sealing agents but sometimes are
used for high pressure and high temperature systems. They are rarely
used for dynamic operations.
Asbestos, Nylon, etc- Suitable for both dynamic and static seals
and are quite suitable for high temperature applications.
Rubber, other elastomeric and plastic seal materials- They are
used due to their resilience, wide temperature range, availability, etc.


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