SMART ANTENNA

SYSTEMS






GUIDED BY:
SHEKHAR PATLE
Submitted By:
Kamlesh Nagpure
1. Concept of smart antenna
2. Level of Intelligence
3. Evolution of smart antenna
4. Element of smart antenna
5. Aim
6. Types of smart antenna
7. Applications
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages
10. Conclusions


Contents
The Concept
- Smart Antenna consists of a number of radiating
elements, a combining/dividing network and a
control unit.
- Control unit can be called the smart antennas
intelligence. It is realized using a digital signal
processor (DSP).
- Based on this definition of smart antenna, one can
define levels of Intelligence.
Levels of Intelligence
1.) Switched lobe (SL)

- simplest technique, also called switched beam.
- comprises of only a basic switching function
between separate directive antennas or predefined
beams of an array.
- the setting that gives the best performance is
chosen.
Levels of Intelligence
2.)Dynamically phased array (PA):

- a direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm is included for
the signal received from the user.
- continuous tracking can be achieved.
- generalization of the switched lobe concept.
Levels of Intelligence
3.) Adaptive array (AA):

- a DOA algorithm for determining the direction
toward interference sources (e.g., other users) is
added.
- the radiation pattern can then be adjusted to null
out the interferers.
Levels of Intelligence
Evolution of Smart Antennas
An evolution can be foreseen in the utilization of
smart antennas. The evolution can be divided into
three phases:

- Smart antennas are used on uplink only. This
concept is called high sensitivity receiver (HSR).

- In the second phase, directed antenna beams are
used on the downlink direction in addition to HSR.

- The last stage in the development will be full
space division multiple access (SDMA).
Smart Antenna Array:
antenna array with a digital signal
processing capability to transmit and
receive in an adaptive and spatially
sensitive manner.

Smart >> digital signal processing facility
Elements of a Smart Antenna
number of radiating elements

a combining/dividing network

control unit
Aim :
to maximize the antenna gain in
the desired direction
to minimize the gain in directions
of interferers
Types of Smart Antennas
Switched lobe (SL):
( also called switched beam )

simplest technique

comprises only a basic switching
function between separate directive
antennas or predefined beams of an
array

Types of Smart Antennas - contd
Dynamically phased array (PA):

continuous tracking can be achieved by
including a direction of arrival (DoA)
algorithm for the signal received from the
user
can be viewed as a generalization of the
switched lobe concept


Conventional Antennas & Arrays
Antenna
Top View
Antenna
Array
Top View
Omnidirectional Sectorized


WHY SMART ANTENNA ARRAYS ARE
SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL ANTENNAS
Switched Beam System Adaptive Array
Antenna
Array
Desired
User
Interfering
User
Antenna
Array
Active
Beam


Interference Rejection Comparison
Desired Signals
Co-channel Interfering Signals
Smart Antennas for Base
Stations
the idea of smart antennas is to
use base station antenna
patterns that are not fixed, but
adapt to the current radio
conditions
can be visualized as the antenna
directing a beam toward the
communication partner only
SDMA
(Space Division Multiple Access)

more than one user can be allocated to the
same physical communications channel
simultaneously in the same cell

separated by angle only

in a TDMA system, two users will be
allocated to the same time slot and carrier
frequency at the same time and in the same
cell


SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)

USAGE
Applications to:
cellular and wireless networks
radar
electronic warfare (EWF) as a
countermeasure to electronic
jamming
satellite systems

WHY SMART ANTENNA ARRAYS?
Higher Capacity
Higher Coverage
Higher bit rate
Improved link quality
Spectral efficiency
Mobility
Drawbacks and Cost factors
- Transceiver Complexity -- A smart antenna
transceiver is much more complex than a traditional
base station transceiver.
- Need for more powerful algorithms, processors and
control systems.
- Resource Management -- New demands on network
functions such as resource and mobility management
are needed.
- Physical Size -- For the smart antenna to obtain a
reasonable gain, an array antenna with several
elements is necessary.
Smart Antennas for Wireless Systems

Conclusions
Smart antennas can improve user experience and
system capacity by reducing interference, extending
range, increasing data rates, and improving quality
Smart antennas can be implemented in the physical
layer with little or no impact on standards
Expertise and experience in the development and
deployment of smart antennas for cellular can be
applied to develop smart antennas for WLANs, and
many other wireless applications
References
www.jackwinters.com/cwc.ppt
www.jackwinters.com/Intel_Smart_Antenna_Workshop.ppt
www.authorstream.com/.../aSGuest41292-355566-smart-antennas-
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