EXTRACT FROM HUAWEI

GSM Fundamentals
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GSM 900
Duplex Separation: 45MHz
Channel Bandwidth: 200KHz
EGSM


880 890 915 925 935 960
MHz
GSM EGSM GSM
The Frequency Spectrum
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Duplex Separation: 95MHz
Channel Bandwidth: 200KHz
Base Station Receive


1710 1785 1805 1880MHz
Base Station Transmit
DCS 1800
The Frequency Spectrum
4 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
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Frequency Re-Use
Because frequency resource of mobile system is
very limited,
The different Subscribers must use the same
frequency in different place.
Of course, the quality of communication must be
ensured.
What is Frequency Re-Use?
5 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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Frequency Re-Use
How can we reuse frequency?
7(Site)X 1(Cell)
Re-use
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Frequency Re-Use
4(Site)X 3(Cell)
Re-use
5
1
9 6
10
2
7
3
11 5
9
1
10
2
12
8
4
11
7
3
9
5
1
6
7 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
CELL
Omni
1
120
degree
1
2
3
Omni-Directional Cells
120 Degree Sectors
8 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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AUC
ME
SIM
OMC
HLR
MSC/VLR
BTS BSC
PSTN
OSS
MS
NSS
BSS
EIR
GSM Network Components
9 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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Mobile StationMS
International Mobile Equipment
Identity (IMEI)
Mobile Equipment
MS=ME+SIM
International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI)
Subscriber Identity Module
10 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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Subscriber Identity Module SIM
International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
(TMSI)
Location Area Identity (LAI)
Subscriber Authentication Key (Ki)
Mobile Station International Standard
Data Network (MSISDN),
it is optional.
G
S
M

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The Base Station
Controller BSC
The Base Transceiver
Station BTS
The Trans-coder TC
and Sub multiplexer
(SM)
BTS
BSC
TC/SM
BSS
MSC
Base Station Subsystem BSS
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Mobile Switching Center MSC
Home Location Register HLR
Visitor Location Register VLR
Equipment Identity Register EIR
Authentication Center AUC
Inter-Working Function IWF
Echo Cancellor EC
AUC
HLR
MSC/VLR
PSTN
NSS
EIR OMC
BSS
EC
IWF
The Network Switching System
13 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Mobile Service Switching Center
MSC
Call Processing
Operations and Maintenance
Support
Inter-network & Inter-working
Billing
14 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Home Location Register HLR
Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN)
Current subscriber VLR (current location)
Supplementary service information
Subscriber status (registered/deregistered)
Authentication key and AuC functionality
15 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Visitor Location Register VLR
Mobile Status(IMSI detached/ attached)
Location Area Identity(LAI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI)
Mobile Station Roaming Number(MSRN)
16 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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IMEI
Is Checked against White List
IMEI
Is Checked against Black/Grey List
If NOT found,
checked against
Grey/Black List
If NOT found, checked
against White List
indications
If found, returns a Black
or Grey List indicator
White List
Black List
Grey List
Equipment Identity Register EIR
17 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Rate Conversion
Protocol Adaptation
PSTN
MSC
EC
IWF
Inter-Working Function IWF
18 Security Level: Internal
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No Spreading without
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Echo takes place by GSM system delay caused by call processing,speech
encoding and decoding etc.
An Echo Canceller is used on the PSTN side of the MSC for all voice circuits
2- wire
4- wire
2- wire
Hybrid Hybrid
Generation of Echo at 2-wire to 4-wire Interface
Echo Canceller EC
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
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OSS(NMC)
OMC
OMC
OMC
Region2
Region 1
Region 3
Operation and Maintenance Sub
System
20 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Operation and Maintenance Center
OMC
OMC R: OMC assigned specifically to
the Base Station Subsystem
OMC S: OMC assigned specifically to
the Network Switching Subsystem
21 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
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Permission.
OMC Functional Architecture
OS
MMI
DB
Event/Alarm
Management
Security
Management
Configuration
Management
Performance
Management
Fault
Management
22 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
HLR
VLR
MSC
EIR
AUC
EC IWF
TC
VLR
MSC
IWF
EC
BTS BSC
MS
B
H
F
G
A
E
C
D
Um
Abis
GSM Interface
23 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
Call Setup Flow
MS BTS
BSC MSC
Channel_req Channel_Required
Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
Establish_IND(CM Service Req)
First SABM
CM Service Accepted
CR(Complete_L3_information)
CC
Setup
Call Processing
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
First SABM
Establish_IND
Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
Assignment_Req
Assignment_CMP
ASSIGNMENT CMP
Alerting
Connect
Connect Ack
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete
Clear_CMD
Clear_CMP
Conversation
SABM: Set asynchronous
balanced mode command--
Initial access frame
UA: Unnumbered
acknowledgement response
24 Security Level: Internal
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Huawei.
No Spreading without
Permission.
1999 2000 2001
57.6 kbps

115 kbps
384 kbps
2 Mbps
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
IMT-2000
9.6 kbps
2G
2.5G
3G
GSM Develop Path