VoIP over WLAN

(Voice over IP over Wireless Local Area Network)

Diplomityseminaari 1.6.2004

Heikki Hintikka at Song Networks Oy
Supervisor: Professor Heikki Hmminen
Instructor: Pauli Saari, Quality Management Director
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 2
Contents
The concept of VoIP over WLAN
Aims of research, main objectives
WLAN
Basics, factors of success, standards and future
VoIP
VoIP and speech, protocols, QoS
Security
standards & methods, currently (encryption, authentication), future
Devices and products
Deployment environments
example of hotspot, SOHO environment
provisioning model
TESTING (Access Link & SOHO environment)
Markets and forecast
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 3
VoIP over WLAN the concept
VoIP WLAN
Free phone calls over the Internet
No toll quality voice service like PSTN
Used in many enterprise environments
QoS factors very important for voice quality
Wireless broadband up to 54 Mbps
Data rates depend on distance
Standards evolving to meet user needs
Still challenges to face
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 4
Thesis ToC
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to VoWLAN
1.2 Main issues in VoWLANs
1.3 Problem definition
1.4 Scope of study
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Structure of the study
2 WLAN
3 VoIP
4 Usability and Deployment
5 Testing of VoWLAN (SOHO environment)
6 Market and Business Analysis
7 Trends and Forecast
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 5
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
Benefits:
wireless broadband, low cost equipment, easy-to-use
Drawbacks:
Issues with security, QoS, usability (roaming)

3 types of architecture:
Infrastructure
Ad-hoc
Mesh networking

Radio interface: frequency bands, channels
Standard family (IEEE 802.11) evolving
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 6
IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) standards

802.11b
DSSS
11 Mbps

2,4 GHz
802.11a
54 Mbps 5 GHz

OFDM


802.11h
802.11f
802.11e
802.11i




802.11g
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 7
WLANs four Ss main criterias
Security
user data integrity, secure authentication, encryption
Service quality
real-time applications (voice/video), QoS
Support
operational, functionality, interoperability, performance
Scalability
flexible, easy-to-use services, develop higher quality
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 8
VoIP
Voice over IP networks (RTP/UDP), Internet best-effort
SIP (IETF) and H.323 (ITU-T), multimedia support

Gaining market space in enterprises
--> support for only one network
An important component in video calls

Many challenges when transmission media is wireless
QoS parameters (delay, jitter, packet loss)
Security features increase delay etc.

4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 9
QoS (Quality of Service)
These QoS components ensure the performance
of voice calls across a data network:
Delay (ms)
Jitter (ms)
Packet Loss (%)
Congestion in access points

WLANs get disturbance of external factors
Bluetooth, microwave oven, trees, obstacles
Channel overlapping
Handover improvement


4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 10
Security
Encryption mechanisms
WEP Wired Equivent Privacy, weak nowadays
TKIP Temporary Key Integrity Protocol, taken WEPs place
CCMP / AES (in 802.11i)

Authentication
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access): port-based 802.1X + EAPs/TKIP
802.11i: WPA extension plus other features
CCMP/AES
pre-authentication
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 11
Evolution of WLAN security

802.11i
RC-4
WEP
MD5



802.1X
WPA
RADIUS

EAPs
PEAP
EAP-?
EAP-SIM
EAP-
MD5
LEAP
EAP-TLS
EAP-TTLS
TKIP
CCMP
MIC
AES
WEP
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 12
Devices and products
End user devices: PDAs, laptops, smart phones etc.
Network elements

Usability important
Features and characteristics:
interoperability
seamless handover
roaming
hybrid solutions

4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 13
Deployment environments Hotspot example

Internet
HOTSPOT
Enterprise

WISP /
WISP
aggregator
Local services
Fixed line
aggregator
AAA server
CELLLAR OPERATOR
(GSM/CDMA)

RADIUS
interworking GW
HLR / HSS /
RADIUS
GW
Access
controller
Router
Core network
packet data GW
PEAP / EAP /
RADIUS
802.1X / EAP
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 14
Provisioning model one bill roaming

Hotspot operator Home entity
Roaming intermediary
AAA server
AAA server AAA server
direct AAA exchange
Internet
Access
cotroller GW
RADIUS
User data
Billing
End user Roaming user
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 15
Testing of VoIP over WLAN - SOHO
Prioritizing VoWLAN in SOHO environment
Internet
router / CPE
edge router
WISP
operator
network
Test premises
DSLAM
SIP-based
VoIP server
VPN server
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 16
Results: QoS parameters
delay and jitter
Downstream Delay
-0,100000
-0,080000
-0,060000
-0,040000
-0,020000
0,000000
0,020000
0,040000
Time (s)
D
e
l
a
y

(
s
)
Downstream Jitter
0,000000
0,020000
0,040000
0,060000
0,080000
0,100000
0,120000
Time (s)
J
i
t
t
e
r

(
s
)
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 17
VoIP prioritizing in hotspots
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 18
Markets & forecast
Markets are growing fast price erosion
Multiple manufacturers making devices
inter-network capabilities (GSM/GPRS/CDMA)
WISPs, network operators, alliances,
roaming coverage/clients

Competitors?
3G, UWB, Bluetooth, WiMAX
Different stakeholders in business
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 19
Conclusions and future work
Conclusions
Overcoming QoS and security issues in VoWLAN designs and
implementations
Overcoming security flaws will be addressed by upcoming IEEE
802.11i standard
technical and economic business issues dealt with
Essential for providing QoS is to priritize VoIP streaming
Future work
traffic congestion in QoS guaranteed networks, where 802.11e has
been implemented
Roaming, handover time reducement, standard affects in general
Support and interoperability