Whats The Big Deal with

Electricity!
Before we answer that, lets have a look at the Atomic
Structure..
Rutherford Planetary Model of the Atom in 1911
Bohrs Model Of Atomic Structure
1913
Atomic Cloud Model 1932
How is Electricity Generated?
Atoms have protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
Same number of protons and electrons, it
is balanced and neutral
Sometimes electrons get knocked out of
place free electrons
Electron flow = Electricity?
Plasma Ball Demo
What is Static Electricity???
Have you ever walked
cross the rug, reach for
the doorknob
and..........ZAP!!! You
get a static shock.

What happened?






Electricity that is not moving?
Static electricity refers to the build up of electric
charge on the surface of objects. The static
charges remain on an object until they either
bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by
a discharge. This discharge causes the zap..

Is Lightning a form of static discharge?

Lets try and create static electricity..

What is Static Electricity???
Static Electricity!
Activity 1
1) Blow up and secure the balloon provided 2)
2) Rub the balloon on the cloth or even on your
hair for 15 seconds
3) Try to pick up as much paper as you
possibly can.
4) Try rubbing it more than 15 seconds. Does it
pick up more paper?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AXkZxlYxoM

Electric Circuits

How would you connect a light
bulb, a battery and wires to make
the bulb light up?



An electric light bulb
Batteries
A dry cell has the
electrolyte immobilized as
a paste, with only enough
moisture in the paste to
allow current to flow.
1. Brass cap, 2. Plastic
seal, 3. Expansion
space, 4. Porous
cardboard, 5. Zinc can,
6. Carbon rod, 7.
Chemical mixture
Lemon battery

Activity 2:
Connect the circuit as shown below. Will
the bulb light up in each circuit?



(a)
(b)
Opening and closing an electric
circuit with a switch



How will opening and closing the
switches affect the bulbs?


Circuit
symbols


A Series Circuit



A parallel circuit
Activity 3:
Are the following series or
parallel circuits? Draw
circuit diagrams for them.
Series Parallel
Put on your thinking cap
Will the other bulb still light up if one of the
bulbs is removed from the bulb holder in
each of the circuits below? Explain.
Series circuit Parallel circuit
Is it true
electric current in a series circuit is
used up by the electric bulb in a circuit,
so there is less current going back to
the battery?
the second bulb is less bright than the
first bulb in a series circuit because
electric current has been used up by the
first bulb in the circuit?
in an open circuit, electric current
flows to the part where there is a gap
and turns back to the battery as it
cannot flow across the gap?
Investigation 1

What is the variable which is changed?
What are the variables which are
unchanged?
Which bulb is brighter?
Compare the two electric circuits.
Investigation 1
Variable changed:
Number of batteries

Variables unchanged:
Number of bulbs
Type of bulbs
Type of batteries
What affects the brightness or
current flowing through a bulb?
Observation:
The bulb in the circuit with two batteries is
brighter than the bulb in the circuit with one
battery.

Conclusion:
The more batteries in the circuit connected in
series, the brighter the bulb.

More batteries Higher current
Brighter bulb
Investigation 2

What is the variable which is changed?
What are the variables which are
unchanged?
Which bulb is brighter?
Compare the two electric circuits.
Investigation 2
Variable changed:
Number of bulbs (in series)

Variables unchanged:
Number of batteries
Arrangement of batteries
Type of batteries
Type of bulbs
What affects the brightness or
current flowing through a bulb?
Observation:
The bulb in the circuit with only one bulb is
brighter than the bulbs in the circuit with two
bulbs connected in series.

Conclusion:
The more bulbs connected in series in the
circuit, the dimmer the bulbs.

More bulbs in series Lower current
Dimmer bulbs
Investigation 3

What is the variable which is changed?
What are the variables which are
unchanged?
Which bulb is brighter?
Compare the two electric circuits.
Investigation 3
Variable changed:
Number of bulbs (in parallel)

Variables unchanged:
Number of batteries
Arrangement of batteries
Type of batteries
Type of bulbs
What affects the brightness or
current flowing through a bulb?
Observation:
All the bulbs in both circuits are equally
bright.
Conclusion:
The number of bulbs connected in
parallel does not affect the brightness of
the bulb.

Hmmm.what about this
connection?
Will the bulb light up?
Hmmm.what about this
connection?
Will the bulb light up?
A circuit tester
What type of materials placed in the
gap in the circuit tester will light up
the bulb?
Electrical conductors and insulators
An electrical conductor is a material which allows an electric current
to flow through easily.

Examples of good electrical conductors:
Metals (e.g. gold, silver, copper ,aluminium)

An electrical insulator is a material which does not allow an electric
current to flow through easily.

Examples of electrical insulators:
Rubber, wood, paper, plastic, glass
THE END

Thank you for your time