Management Information Systems

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Chapter 6

Hardware and Software
Concepts Regarding
Information Systems
Management Information Systems
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After going through this chapter, you should be able to
understand:

Importance of computer.
Various computer generations.
In depth knowledge of the various subparts of computer.
Various input and output devices.
Application of operating system.
Need for programming languages.

Introduction
Management Information Systems
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The computer is an electronic device which helps in the
conversion of data into information. This conversion is
done by proper processing of data.
Computer
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Speed
Accurate
Reliability
Management of Information
Artificial Intelligence
Consistency
Up gradation
Cost Cutting

Characteristics of Computer
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First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Fifth Generation

Computer Generations
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Hardware

Software

Main Components of Computer
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Input Unit

CPU
o Memory Unit
o Control Unit
o ALU

Output Unit
Structure of Computer
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Input Unit

Memory Unit

Control Unit

ALU
Output
Devices
Input
Data
Output
Information
CPU
Organization of Computer
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The memory unit plays very crucial role in processing of
the data. Memory unit stores the data which are then
accessed by ALU for processing.
Memory Unit
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The main memory of the computers can be divided into
two parts

1. Primary Memory Unit

2. Secondary Memory Unit

Types of Memory Unit
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The primary memory is further classified as follows:

Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is a
temporary memory used for storage of data.

Read Only Memory (ROM): The contents or data
saved in the ROM are permanent.

Primary Memory
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The following are the types of secondary memory devices:

Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic Disks
Floppy Disks
Optical Disks
Pen Drives

Secondary Memory
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Punched Cards
VDU
Keyboard
Mouse
Joy Stick
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
Optical Bar Reader (OBR)
Optical Character Reader (OCR)
Light Pen

Input Devices
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Hard Copy Devices

Soft Copy Devices




Output Devices
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Operating Systems
The operating systems are set of instructions that
manage the functions of a computer and all the
operations of the peripheral devices attached to the
computer.
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Batch Operating Systems

Interactive Operating Systems

Multiprogramming Operating Systems and
Multiprocessing Operating Systems

Multi-User Operating Systems

Virtual Storage Operating Systems
Types of Operating Systems
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Processors
Processors are used for converting different
programming languages into the machine level
language.
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Assembler

Interpreters

Compilers
Types of Processors
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Programming Languages
The programming languages are used to give
instructions to the computer.
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Machine Level Language

Assembly Language

High Level Language

Fourth Generation Language

Types of Programming Languages
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Thank You.