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Very early in my nursing career, it became apparent

to me that health professionals intervened only after
people developed acute or chronic disease and
experienced compromised lives... I committed myself
to the proactive stance of health promotion and disease
prevention with the conviction that it is much better to
experience exuberant well-being and prevent disease
than let disease happen when it is avoidable and then
try and cope with it.
Quotable quotes
August 16,1941 an only child to parents who
were advocates for the education of women
Background of the theorist
and timeline of events
Early interest in nursing started during her
aunts hospitalization at the age of 7.
1962- received her diploma from the School of
Nursing at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park,
Illinois after which she worked in medical-surgical
and pediatric nursing
After earning her Ph.D., Pender notes a shift in her
thinking toward defining the goal of nursing care as the
optimal health of the individual
1975- Published A Conceptual Model for Preventive
Health Behavior which was a basis for studying
how individuals made decisions about their own
healthcare in a nursing context
Series of conversation with Dr. Beverly
McElmurry at Northern Illinois
University
Influences
Marriage to Albert Pender, an associate
professor of business and economics
Reading High-Level Wellness by
Halbert Dunn
Social Cognitive theory (Albert Bandura)
Theoretical
Expectancy-Value Model of Human
Motivation (Feather)
- defines health as a positive dynamic state
not merely the absence of disease. Health
promotion is directed at increasing a
clients level of wellbeing.
HEALTH PROMOTION
MODEL
1. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
AND EXPERIENCES
PRIOR RELATED BEHAVIOR
PERSONAL FACTORS
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS
2. BEHAVIORAL-SPECIFIC
COGNITIONS AND AFFECT
Perceived benefits of action
Perceived barriers to action
Perceived self-efficacy
Activity related effect
Interpersonal influences
Situational influences
3. BEHAVIOR OR BEHAVIORAL
OUTCOMES


Commitment to a plan of action
Immediate competing demands
and preferences
4. HEALTH-PROMOTING
BEHAVIOR
Individuals

seek to create conditions of living through
which they can express their unique
human potential.
have the capacity for reflective self-
awareness, including assessment of their
own competencies.
HPM is based on the following
ASSUMPTIONS
Individuals
value growth in directions viewed as positive and
attempt to achieve a personally acceptable balance
between change and stability.
seek to actively regulate their own behavior.
In all their biopsychosocial complexity interact
with the environment, progressively transforming
the environment and themselves over time.
HPM is based on the following ASSUMPTIONS
Health professionals constitute a part of
the interpersonal environment, which
exerts influence on persons throughout
their life span.
Self-initiated reconfiguration of person-
environment interactive patterns is
essential to behavior change.
HPM is based on the following ASSUMPTIONS
1. Prior behavior and inherited and acquired characteristics
influence beliefs, affect, and enactment of health-promoting
behavior.
2. Persons commit to engaging in behaviors from which they
anticipate deriving personally valued benefits.
3. Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to action, a
mediator of behavior as well as actual behavior.
4. Perceived competence or self-efficacy to execute a given
behavior increases the likelihood of commitment to action and
actual performance of the behavior.
5. Greater perceived self-efficacy results in fewer perceived
barriers to a specific health behavior.
THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE HEALTH
PROMOTION MODEL

6. Positive affect toward a behavior results in greater perceived self-
efficacy, which can in turn, result in increased positive affect.

7. When positive emotions or affect are associated with a behavior,
the probability of commitment and action is increased.

8. Persons are more likely to commit to and engage in health-
promoting behaviors when significant others model the behavior,
expect the behavior to occur, and provide assistance and support to
enable the behavior.

9. Families, peers, and health care providers are important sources of
interpersonal influence that can increase or decrease commitment to
and engagement in health-promoting behavior.

10. Situational influences in the external environment can increase or
decrease commitment to or participation in health-promoting
behavior.
11.The greater the commitments to a specific plan of action,
the more likely health-promoting behaviors are to be
maintained over time.

12. Commitment to a plan of action is less likely to result in
the desired behavior when competing demands over which
persons have little control require immediate attention.

13. Commitment to a plan of action is less likely to result in
the desired behavior when other actions are more attractive
and thus preferred over the target behavior.

14. Persons can modify cognitions, affect, and the
interpersonal and physical environment to create incentives
for health actions.
Health Promotion Health Protection
Not disease oriented Illness or injury specific
Motivated by personal,
positive approach to
wellness
Motivated by
avoidance to illness
Seeks to expand positive
potential for health
Seeks to thwart the
occurrence of insults to
health and well being
HPM-health protection vs.
HPM-health promotion
Health Promotion Model
Kozier, Barbara et al. 2004. Fundamentals of Nursing.
7
th
ed. Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD.
Philippine Edition.
McEwan, Melanie and Evelyn Wills. 2007. Theoretical
Basis for Nursing. 2
nd
ed. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins. Philippine Edition.
Sitzman, Kathleen and Lisa Wright Eichelberger. 2010.
Nursing Theory: A Creative Beginning. Boston: Jones
and Barlett Publishers.
Tomey, Ann and Martha Aligood. 2002. Nursing
Theorists and Their Work. Singapore: Elsevier.

References:
Thank you!
;)