CHAPTER 5: ENERGY AND

CHEMICAL CHANGES
5.1 Physical and chemical changes
Introduction
Living thing Non-living thing
I. Both living and non-living thing are matter
I. Matter around us undergoes changes. These
changes can be classified into two types
- physical changes
- chemical changes

Physical changes
1. Physical changes in a substance is one that
effect its physical properties, such as

Shape
Volume
Density
State of matter (solid,liquid,gas)
Colour
Mass
Physical changes
2. No new substance is form during a physical
change.
3. Physical changes are usually reversible. This
mean that the physical properties of the
substance which has undergone a physical
change can be changed back.

Water ice water
Physical changes
4. Examples

a) Changes of physical state
Physical changes
b) Dissolving a solid in water
Sugar + water aqueous sugar ( larutan gula)
Reverse changes
Aqueous sugar sugar + water
evaporated
dissolved
Aqueous sugar sugar + water
distillation
Physical changes
c) Crystallizing a salt from it saturated solution

Saturated salt means a solution with
maximum quantity of the salt dissolved on
it.
Solid salt can be obtained by crystalization
1. Changes of matter that produce new
substance
2. The new substance have chemical properties
which are different from the original
substance
3. Chemical changes are usually difficult to
reverse. This means that the product formed
cannot be easily changed back into the
reactant
Chemical Changes
Chemical Changes
a) Burning of paper

4. Example
Paper ash + carbon dioxide
Burn
but
Ash + carbon dioxide
Cannot be
paper
Chemical Changes
b) Browning of a peeled apple

Peeled apple browning apple
Exposed to air
Chemical Changes
c) Combustion of feul

Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + oxygen

Chemical Changes
d) Photosyntesis

Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
light
(in plant)
Examples in daily life
Physical changes in daily
life
Chemical changes in daily
life
Freezing of water to form
ice cube
Boiling an egg to get a
hard-boiled egg
Boiling of water Burning of fossil fuel in
motor vehicles
Dissolving sugar or salt in
water
Respiration in living
organism
Melting of wax to form
different shapes of candles
Decomposition of fallen
leaves
Melting of chocolate Digestion of food in our
body
Evaporate of sweat Photosynthesis in green
plants
No Formation of new
substance
Yes
reversible Reversibility Difficult to reverse
Less energy is
needed
Amount of energy
required
More energy is needed
Changes in physical
properties only
Change in
properties
Changes in chemical and
physical properties
Comparison between physical and
chemical changes
Physical changes
Chemical changes
SIMILARITIES
Substance in both processes undergo changes
Both changes require energy
DIFFERENCES
In term of
5.2 Heat Changes in Chemical
Reaction
Can you explain to me
how cool pad works?


Chemical reaction involve heat
changes

Exothermic reaction:
Chemical reaction that
result in heat produce
So, the product feel hot

Example:
1. Respiration
2. Combustiob of fuel
3. Neutralization
Chemical reaction involve heat
changes

Endothermic reaction:
Chemical reaction that
absorb heat.
So, the surrounding
feels cold.

Examples:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Dissolve ammonium
salt in water.
3. Evaporation


Heat changes in industrial chemical
HARBER PROCESS
Produce ammonia in
large scale.

CONTACT PROCESS
Produce Sulphuric acid
in large scale.