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December 6, 2009 6
Man Made Satellite
Satellite
Repeater in the sky
Broadcast medium
High Bandwidth
High reliability
Fast deployment
Type of Satellites
Based on Usage
– Communication Satellites
– Military Satellites
– Remote Sensing Satellites
Type of Satellites
Based on orbit
– GEO
• 36000 Km
– MEO
• 10000-15000 Km
– LEO
• <5000 Km
VSAT
Can be easily deployed any where within
footprint of satellite
Reachability in hostile terrain and remote
areas
Cost of communication independent of
distance
High network reliability( > 99.7%)
Enormous expansion capabilities- additional
VSATs can be rapidly installed
Change in traffic loads can be easily
accommodated
VSAT Network Topology
STAR:
– VSATs communicate to a central HUB (single
hop)
– VSATs communicate with each other through
the central HUB( double hop)
MESH Network
– VSAT to VSAT communication without a HUB
– Useful for high volume traffic
Inroute and Outroute
INROUTE OUTROUTE
Hub VSAT
Frequency of Operation
Ext C-Band
–Tx: 6.725 GHz-7.025GHz, Rx: 4.5GHz –4.8GHz
–Shares frequencies with terrestrial transmission
systems
–Typical antenna sizes are 1.8m/2.4m
Ku-Band
–Tx: 14.0GHz-14.5GHz; Rx: 10.95-11.7GHz, 11.7-
12.2GHz, 12.25-12.75GHz
–With heavy rain, fog or clouds, signal strength falls
–Typical antenna sizes are 1.2m/1.8m
–Cheaper end equipment
EIRP Footprint Comparison
GE-1A INSAT-3B
VSAT Technologies
TDM/TDMA
– (Time Division Multiplexing/Time Division
Multiple Access)
SCPC DAMA/PAMA
– (Single Channel per Carrier : Demand
Assigned Multiple Access/ Permanent
Assigned Multiple Access)
DVB/RCS Broadband VSAT
– (Digital Video Broadcast/Time Division Multiple
Access - Return Channel Satellite)
TDM/TDMA Technology
Out Routes:
– Outroute access based on Synchronous TDM
(Time Division Multiplexing)
– Data to multiple VSATs multiplexed in
synchronous time slots sent as a single packet
– Remote VSATs receive complete packet,but
pickup only slots which contain data addressed
to them
– Typical information data rates: 512 kbps -
2Mbps
TDM/TDMA Technology
In Routes:
– Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) access
method
– Multiple versions of TDMA access methods
(like Slotted Aloha, Reservation Aloha etc.)
– VSATs transmit bursts in an assigned time
division slots
– Typical Rates 64 kbps, 128 kbps
– Multiple In-routes for one Out-route and multiple
VSATs for one In-route
TDMA Access Techniques
Slotted Aloha
– Each burst must begin and end transmission on
predefined time slots
– If collision occurs then bursts must be
retransmitted
– Suited for short , uniform message lengths with
rapid response-time requirements
TDMA Access Techniques
Stream Transmission:
– Fixed allocation of bandwidth to a VSAT port
– Excellent performance for heavy and continuous
data transfer
Transaction Reservation:
– VSAT sends request to Hub to reserve capacity
– Hub assigns time slots on inroute for transmission
– Suited for long and varying message types
TDM/TDMA Technology
Audio Video
Dedicated vs Shared Hub
Dedicated Hub:
– Suitable when number of sites is more than >300
– High Capital Costs
– Services can be added depending on requirements
– Network is more secure
Shared Hub :
– Hub equipment is installed, maintained and operated by
a Service Provider
– Required number of VSATs can be procured from the
Service Provider
– Several customers run on the same Hub and share the
same resources
Shared Hub Service Providers
HECL
Bharti
Tatanet
Essel Shyam
GNFC
HCL Comnet
Comsat
VSAT Network Implementation
Remote Site #1
RF/Baseband
Rack TDM/TDMA VSAT
IDU
Service
Provider’s Hub
Remote Site#n
Central Location
IDU
IDU
1.2m Antenna
1.2m Antenna
VSAT configuration
– 1.2m Antenna
– 1 W SSPA
– IDU with 1 LAN port
– IFL cable
Implementation Scenario
Service
Provider’s Hub
RF/Baseband
Rack DVB/TDMA VSAT
IDU
Central Site
Nx64 Kbps LL
IDU
1.2m Antenna
SCPC Backhaul to SP Hub
Remote site #1
RF/Baseband
Rack TDM/TDMA VSAT
IDU
1.2m Antenna
Antenna
Service
Provider’s Hub
Remote site # n
Central Location
IDU
IDU
1.2m Antenna
SCPC Backhaul 2.4m Antenna
Outbound ( DVB or TDM)
TDMA Inbound