Soil and Waste Disposal System

University of Belize
Engineering Department
Plumbing BLDG 1252
Principle of Soil and Waste System
or Drainage Above Ground
Soil and waste pipe systems should be
designed to carry away the discharges
from sanitary fittings quickly and quietly
without the risk of injury to the health of
occupants of the building.
Definitions
Soil appliances includes water closet, urinals,
bed pan basin, slop sink.
Soil pipe A pipe which conveys soil water alone
or along with waste or rain water.
Ventilating pipe- A pipe open to the external air
which ventilates the drainage system.
Waste Appliances includes lavatory basin,
domestic sink, tubs, wash fountain, shower tray.
Waste pipe A pipe which conveys waste water
either alone or together with rain water.
Waste water water not contaminated by soil
water.
Soil appliances
Waste Appliances
Drainage System Requirements
1. Water seal in trap Prevent foul air from
entering back in the building through the
fixtures or appliances.

1. Sizes of Pipes Internal diameter of soil,
waste or ventilation pipe shall not be less
than any branch pipe inlet or outlet pipes.
(50mm - 75 mm for one or more urinals.
32 mm for lavatory basin.)




Water seal in trap
Drainage System Requirements

3. Materials, fixing and joints Soil, waste
or vent pipe shall be of suitable materials in
strength and durability.

Bends in pipes should have the largest
practical radius.

Pipes should be adequately supported
throughout its length
Bends in pipes
Basic Plumbing Drain and Vent System
Branch pipe
TRAPS
TRAPS

TRAPS

Drainage System Requirements

4. Traps Traps should be fitted close to waste
or soil appliances, unless the appliance has
an integral trap.
A waste pipe serving a number of lavatory
may used one trap fitted at the end of the
pipe, providing the length of does not exceed
5 meter in length.

TRAPS

A waste pipe serving two or
more appliances , may
discharge into a common
waste pipe with each
appliance provided its own
trap.
Loss of Trap Seal
1. Self-siphonage moving plug of water in the
waste pipe. A partial vacuum is created at the
outlet of the trap, thus causing siphonage of
the water.
If the waste pipe from a wash basin is at too steep a
gradient self-siphonage may occur. This is where the
contents of the trap are sucked out into the waste pipe
because the water flows away too quickly thus
emptying the trap.
Induced siphonage can occur if a suction
pressure develops in the drainage system.
Loss of Trap Seal
2. Compression or back pressure caused by a
build up of air pressure near the bend at the
foot of the stack. A waste pipe connected to
the stack in the pressure zone may have the
seal of the trap lost by compressed air forcing
out the water.
Loss of Trap Seal
3. Capillary Attraction caused by porous
materials being caught at the outlet of the trap so
that the other end is in the water.

4. Wavering out High velocity gusts of wind
passing over the vent pipe.

5. Evaporation When the trap is not in use.

6. Leakage Faulty joints or crack in trap.


Capillary
Attraction
Wavering out
Venting the drainage system
Venting allows free circulation of air at
atmospheric pressure and allow the
system to function properly.
Take away fouled gases away from the
system to open air space usually above
roof
Method of Venting
Method of Venting
Venting Methods
Venting Methods
Venting
Venting Methods
Venting Methods
Venting Methods
Single stack system
Drain Waste Vent System