Calcium Compounds

Consist of calcium, carbon and oxygen

Examples : marble, animal shell and coral
Properties :
- insoluble in water
- CaCO3 + HCl CaCl + H2O + CO2
CO2 turns lime water cloudy
- CaCO3 heated strongly
CaCO3 CaO + CO2

A few drops of water added to Calcium
Oxide (quicklime):
- effervescence occur
- heat is given off
- will form Calcium Hydroxide
(slakedlime)
If more water added :
- it dissolves to form calcium hydroxide
solution ( limewater )
Uses :
- floor slabs
- table surfaces
- antacids (CaCo3)
- treatment of sewage water
- pH of acidic soil
- the strength of soft clay at construction
site.
(quicklime and slaked lime)

Checkpoint 6.4
1. a) carbon, oxygen
b) quicklime

2. marble, coral, animal shell

3. Calcium oxide

4. Page 113
6.5 Natural Fuel Resources
Consist of hydrocarbons
Refer figure 6.8
1. Plants store energy from sunlight
2. Dead plants fall into the swamps and
decay
3. The dead plants are buried under layers of
sediment or mud
4. The plants material slowly turns into coal
under high pressure and heat.
Coal plants
Petroleum and natural gas plants and animals



Fractional Distillation
Different hydrocarbons have different
boiling point.
Heating unprocessed petroleum in a
furnace at 400 celcius
The vapour produced channelled into
fractionating column to collect the various
fractions at different temperature.
Refer figure 6.10 page 117
The lower the column, the higher the
boiling point.(< 30 celcius - 350 celcius)
The higher the boiling point of the
distillate :
- the darker its colour (bitumen)
- more viscous
- less flammable (compare bitumen and
petrol)
- soot increases (compare the diesel and
petrol)
Checpoint 6.5
1. Petroleum, natural gas and coal
2. Coal is Fossils fuels because its formed
from the dead plants that buried under
layers of sediment millions of years ago.
3. Petroleum contains many types of
hydrocarbon that mixed together while
petrol has none.
4. - Use panel solar to supply heat
- Use only when cold weather

Concept Map
1. Crust
2. Elements
3. Compound
4. Calcium compounds
5. Calcium hydroxide
6. Calcium oxide
7. Silicate
8. Silica
9. jade


10. Glass
11. Petroleum
12. Fractional Distillation
13. 1- petroleum (figure 6.10)
2- petrol
14. Wood
Review Questions
Natural compounds
Iron oxide
Mica

4. Calcium Carbonate
5. D
6. A
PART B
1.a)
Elements:
- Quartz
- Gold
- Sulphur
- Copper

Compound
- calcite
- galena
- calcium silicate
- haematite
- Cassiterite
- China Clay
b) The hardness of the minerals
2 a) M: Oxygen
N: Sulphur
b) L: Zn ZnO
K: Zn + Sulphur Zn sulphide