Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP)

REFRANCE BY
PROF. VASTHAVA


PREPARED BY
ASHISH S CHAUDHARY KISHAN S SHARMA
Roll no. 36 Roll no. 38
KANAHAIYA S SHARMA OMBIR P GUPTA
Roll no. 39 Roll no. 44
NIKHIL MORE
Roll no. 37




K M AGRAWAL COLLEGE, MUMBAI UNIVERSITY,
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA,2013

Certificate From The Referee
This is to certify that the presentation work titled Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is bona fide work carried out by:
ASHISH S CHAUDAHRY
Roll no. 36
KANAHAIYA S SHARMA
Roll no. 39
NIKHIL MORE
Roll no.37
I also certify that I have interviewed the candidate with regard to the
article work carried by them.
I consider them eligible for higher examination as they have attained
sufficient knowledge and acumen to be a professional IT in course of
time.
KISHAN S SHARMA
Roll no. 38
OMBIR GUPTA
Roll no. 46
Date:

Place: Mumbai Signature of Referee
(Prof. VASTHAVA)
Contents
Introduction
TCP Uses a Fixed Connection
How TCP Works?
Layers of TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Protocol Layer & Functions
TCP/IP Protocols
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Unix has been the platform for TCP/IP development. While Berkeley has been the main
contributor countless others have contributed to the effort. This work has produced a system
for networking that has proven itself over the years. Presently, there are estimated to be over
5 million systems running the TCP/IP software suite, the over whelming majority are
microcomputers
TCP/IP is made up of two acronyms, TCP, for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP,
for Internet Protocol. TCP handles packet flow between systems and IP handles the routing of
packets. All modern networks are now designed using a layered approach.
TCP/IP Protocol Stack.
4. Application -- Authentication, compression, and end user services.
3. Transport -- Handles the flow of data between systems and provides access to the
network for applications via the (BSD socket library)
2. Network -- Packet routing
1. Link -- Kernel OS/device driver interface to the network interface on the computer.
Inside TCP/IP?
Inside the TCP/IP standard there are several protocols for handling data communication:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications
IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing

TCP Uses a Fixed Connection

TCP is use for communication between applications.
If one application wants to communicate with another via TCP,
it sends a communication request. This request must be sent to
an exact address. After a "handshake" between the two
applications, TCP will set up a "full-duplex" communication
between the two applications.
The "full-duplex" communication will occupy the
communication line between the two computers until it is
closed by one of the two applications.
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
Application layer (process-to-process): This is the scope within which applications
create user data and communicate this data to other processes or applications on
another or the same host. The communications partners are often called peers.
This is where the "higher level" protocols such as SMTP, FTP, SSH, HTTP, etc.
operate.
Transport layer (host-to-host): The transport layer constitutes the networking
regime between two network hosts, either on the local network or on remote
networks separated by routers. The transport layer provides a uniform networking
interface that hides the actual topology (layout) of the underlying network
connections. This is where flow-control, error-correction, and connection
protocols exist, such as TCP. This layer deals with opening and maintaining
connections between Internet hosts.
Internet layer (internetworking): The internet layer has the task of exchanging
datagrams across network boundaries. It is therefore also referred to as the layer
that establishes internetworking, indeed, it defines and establishes the Internet.
This layer defines the addressing and routing structures used for the TCP/IP
protocol suite. The primary protocol in this scope is the Internet Protocol, which
defines IP addresses. Its function in routing is to transport datagrams to the next IP
router that has the connectivity to a network closer to the final data destination.
Link layer: This layer defines the networking methods within the scope of the local
network link on which hosts communicate without intervening routers. This layer
describes the protocols used to describe the local network topology and the
interfaces needed to effect transmission of Internet layer datagrams to next-
neighbor hosts. (cf. the OSI data link layer).

TCP/IP Protocol Layer And Function
TCP/IP Protocols
FTP - File Transport Protocol at the application layer.
Telnet - Remote session at the application layer.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transport Protocol at the application
layer.
DHCP - Dynamic host configuration protocol is used to assign
IP addresses dynamically to network cards. It works at the
application layer.
TCP - Transport Control protocol is a connection oriented
reliable protocol working at the transport layer.
UDP - User Datagram Protocol is a connection less unreliable
protocol working at the transport layer.
Conclusion
TCP/IP was designed with the following goals in mind:
1. To support multiple, packet-switched pathways through the
network so that transmissions can survive all conceivable
failures.
2. To permit dissimilar computer systems to easily exchange data.
3. To offer robust, reliable delivery services for both short- and
long-haul communications.
4. To provide comprehensive network access with global scope.
Although its been revised and changed since its initial
implementation, TCP/IPs ongoing success derives in no small
part from meeting those goals.
5. TCP/IP resolved many complex technical issues and led to the
creation of the global network that we now know as the Internet.
In doing so, it has provided countless millions with new forms of
communication and access to vast amounts of information, much
of which had previously been the domain of an elite few.
10
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