De regla, precious joy

de vera, aneliza
dela cruz micah elah
diaz, cristine
Anxiety
Is a vague uneasy feeling of
discomfort or dread
accompanied by an autonomic
response
A feeling of apprehension
caused by anticipation of anger.
Response to stress.


Concepts of Anxiety
Motivates a person to take
action, to solve a problem or
to resolve a crisis.
Considered normal when it
is appropriate to the
situation.
Becomes a disorder when it
is excessive and shows
unusual behaviors.
TYPES OF ANXIETY
Perception
Mild
-increased

Moderate
-selective inattention


Perception
Severe
-distorted perception
-may experience presence
of hallucinations and
delusions
Panic
-disorganized
Physiologic
Mild
-mild physiologic changes
Moderate
-perspirations
-moderate muscle tension
-increased heart and
respiratory rate

Physiologic
Moderate
-gastric distress
-headache
-xerostomia
-frequent urination
-high pitch voice
Physiologic
Severe
-severe
headache
-nausea
-diarrhea
-trembling
-vertigo
-pale
-tachycardia
-chestpain
-increased
BP,RR,PR
-dilated pupil
Physiologic
Panic
-may bolt and run
-totally immobile and mute
-dilated pupils
-increased BP and PR
-flight/fight or freeze
Behavioral
Mild
-alert
-energetic
-confident
-enhance learning
Behavioral
Moderate
-difficulty in concentrating
-easily distracted
-decreased span of attention
-increased rate in speech
-pacing
Behavioral
Severe
Difficulty focusing
even with
assistance.
Ineffective
reasoning and
problem solving
Disorientation

Loud and rapid
speech
Confused
communication
Crying
Inability to think
abstractly
Behavioral
Panic
Immobilization
Out of contact
with reality
Hysterical or
mute
Disorganized or
irrational
reasoning
Desperation
and may result
to suicide
Feeling
overwhelmed
and out of
control

ANXIETY DISORDERS
Anxiety disorders
Diagnosed when anxiety
becomes chronic and
impairs individuals major
functions resulting to
maladaptive behavior and
emotional disability.
TYPES OF ANXIETY
DISORDER
Phobia
Is an illogical, intense,
persistent fear of a specific
object or a social situation
that causes extreme
distress and interferes with
normal functioning.
Onset-adolescent
3 Types of Phobia
AGORAPHOBIA- fear of open
spaces or fear of being outside.
Social phobia
fear of being humiliated or embarrassed so
they avoid social situations.

SPECIFIC PHOBIA-
persistent irrational fear other than the
above
Arachnophobia
Acrophobia
fear of heights
Specific Phobia
Zoophobia- animals
Genophobia-dirt
Androphobia-man
Acrophobia-height
Pyrophobia-fire
Xenophobia-
strangers
Ailurophobia-cats
Belonophobia-needle
Hematophobia-blood
Nyctophobia-dark
Xynophobia-woman
Kaikorrhaphobia-
failure
Claustrophobia-
enclosed places
Mysophobia-
contamination or
germs
Ochlophobia-crowds
Pathophobia-disease
Astraphobia-storms,
thunder and lightning
Nursing Intervention
Systematic desensitization-gradually expose
client to the feared object in a safe setting until
the clients anxiety decreases
Flooding- abrupt exposure to the feared object,
rapid desensitization
Help client to describe her feelings prior to a
response for a phobic object.
Help client identify alternative coping strategies.
Practice relaxation technique with the client.
Teach client about medications as part of the
treatment plan.
Panic Disorder
Composed of discrete episodes
of panic attacks, 15-30 minutes
of rapid, intense, escalating
anxiety in which the person
experiences great emotional
fear as well as physiologic
discomfort.
Panic Disorder
Onset- young adult and rarely
begins after age 35
More common in women than men.

At least one of the attacks has been
followed by one month of the ff.
symptoms
1.Persistent concern of having
additional attacks
2.Worry about consequences
3.Significant change in behavior

Nursing Intervention
Provide a safe environment and ensure
clients privacy during an attack
Remain with the client during a panic
attack
Help client to focus on deep breathing
Talk to the client in a calm reassuring
voice.
Cognitive-behavioral technique
Deep breathing and relaxation

Generalized Anxiety
Disorder

Characterized by chronic
anxiety interfering with daily
life
Nursing Intervention
Stay with the client and provide support.
Keep demands on the client to a
minimum.
Limit environmental stimuli
Encourage physical activity to release
energy.
Teach client about medications as part
of the treatment plan.
Assist the client in performing relaxation
exercise.
Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder

Development of characteristic
symptoms after exposure to
traumatic life experience

Duration-may last few months
or years
Acute Stress Disorders
Development of anxiety,
dissociation and other
symptoms within one month
of exposure to an extremely
traumatic stressors
Lasts from 2 days to 4
weeks
Symptoms of Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder/Acute Stress
Disorder

1.Persistently re-experiencing the
events

2.Increased arousal

3.Avoidance of stimuli associated
with trauma

Categories that may cause post-
traumatic disorders/acute stress
disorder

1.Natural disaster

2.Accidental man-made disasters

3.Intentional man-made disasters
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder



Repetitive thoughts and acts
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsession

Refers to recurrent
persistent ideas,
thoughts, images or
impulse that are
experience as
intrusive and
senseless.

Compulsive

Ritualistic behavior
that the individual
feels compelled to
perform
Impulse Control Disorder

Intense drive
Psychodynamic
1.A cry for help
2.Need attention and love
3.Need to release anger
4.Learned theory
Types of Impulse Control
Disorder
Kleptomania-intense drive to steal
Megalomania-intense drive to
acquire power
Pyromania-intense drive to set fire
Trichotillamania-intense drive to
pull someones hair
Nursing Intervention
1.Reduce anxiety
2.Redirect clients attention away
from self
3.Use empathy
4.Increase socialization activities
5.Set limit on patients
unacceptable behavior