EE 1003

EE 1003
POWER SYSTEMS
POWER SYSTEMS
TRANSIENTS
TRANSIENTS
UNIT I
UNIT I
1. Sources of Electrical Transients
2. aries t!"es of Transients
3. E#ect of Transients on "o$er
s!ste%
&. I%"ortant of stu'! of Transients in
"lannin(
2 2
Sources of Transients
Sources of Transients
3 3
Transients - Power System
Transients - Power System
It is (enerate' )!

*i(+tnin(

S$itc+in(

,etonation of nuclear 'e-ices at +i(+

altitu'es a)o-e t+e eart+ surface.
4 4


Lightning
Lightning

Associate' $it+ t+e 'isc+ar(e of lar(e

currents to (roun'e' o).ects.
/So%eti%es it e0cee's 200 1a2

olta(e can )e in t+e or'er of se-eral

tens of %e(a-olt.

*i(+tnin( $ill stri1e t+e taller structure.

5 5


About Lightning
About Lightning

6 6
EFFECT OF LIGHTIG
EFFECT OF LIGHTIG

T+e stee" fronte' li(+tnin( stro1e $ill s+atter t+e

insulators an' %a! e-en $rec1 "oles

T+e electric an' %a(netic 3el' of li(+tnin( c+annel can

in'uce +i(+ enou(+ -olta(e on a near)! lo$4-olta(e
"o$er line to cause s!ste% outa(e

In'uctance of t+e transfor%er $in'in(s o""oses an!

su''en "assa(e of c+ar(es t+rou(+ it 5 e0cessi-e
"ressure an' arc initiation

T+e rise in -olta(e of t+e (roun' cause' )! t+e 6o$ of

+ea-! current.

T+e electrostatic 3el' of clou' +as also cause'

%alfunction in electronic an' co%%unications e7ui"%ent.
7 7
Transients in P!anning -
Transients in P!anning -
Lightning
Lightning

T+e stu'! of transients in inte(rate' s!ste%s is

i%"ortant )ecause t+e transient ori(inate' in one
"lace is "er%eatin( t+rou(+ t+e s!ste% an'
i%"acts on an! "oint in re%ote "lace.

Protection of lon( trans%ission s!ste% a(ainst

li(+tnin( +as )een a serious concern of "o$er
s!ste% en(ineers

T+e 8I* of circuit )rea1ers +as to $it+stan' t+e

li(+tnin( stro1es u"to so%e e0tent
8 8


Switching
Switching
9 9
In+erent in'uctance associate' $it+ an electrical
circuit.
9onstant 6u0 lin1a(es states t+at an in'uctance
o""oses a c+an(e in t+e current )! in'ucin( a
-olta(e.
S$itc+ tries to interru"t a current:-olta(e is
'e-elo"e' )! t+e circuit in'uctance to o""ose an!
c+an(e in t+e current.
About Switching
About Switching

10 10
E"ect of Switching
E"ect of Switching

T+e se-erit! of a s$itc+in( sur(e

'e"en's on t+e instant of t+e "o$er
fre7uenc! -olta(e $+en t+e s$itc+ is
o"ene'.

It also 'e"en's u"on t+e '!na%ic

c+aracteristics of t+e arc $+ic+ is 'ra$n
$+en t+e s$itc+ contacts se"arate.
11 11
Transients in P!anning-
Transients in P!anning-
Switching
Switching
12 12

S$itc+in( sur(e can )e controlle' at t+e

source )! "ro"er 'esi(n of t+e s$itc+.

S$itc+in( sur(e "la!s a "ro%inent role in

t+e o"eration of E; an' U; "o$er
s!ste%s $+ose o"eratin( -olta(e e0cee's
3&<1

In E; s!ste%s= t+e stu'! on s$itc+in(

transients is i%"ortant in econo%ic
"lannin( of insulation of t+e s!ste%

9ircuit )rea1ers= S>

?
an' -acuu% are use'.
Ty#es of Transients
Ty#es of Transients
13 13
14 14