Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

(CPR) is a lifesaving technique

useful in many emergencies,
including heart attack or near
drowning, in which someone's
breathing or heartbeat has
stopped
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
is a technique of basic life
support for o!ygenating the
brain and heart until appropriate,
de"nitive medical treatment can
restore normal heart and
ventilatory action
#o maintain an open and clear airway
($)
#o maintain breathing by e!ternal
ventilation (%)
#o maintain %lood circulation by
e!ternal cardiac massages (C)
#o save life of the Patient
#o provide basic life support till
medical and advanced life support
arrives
Cardiac Arrest
&entricular "brillation (&')
&entricular tachycardia (&#)
$systole
Pulse less electrical activity
Respiratory Arresst
#his may be result of following(
)rowning
*troke
'oreign body in throat
*moke inhalation
)rug overdose
*u+ocation
$ccident, in,ury
Coma
-piglottis paralysis
#o restore e+ective circulation and
ventilation
#o prevent irreversible cerebral
damage due to ano!ia .hen the
heart fails to maintain the cerebral
circulation for appro!imately four
minutes the brain may su+er
irreversible damage
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EQUIPMENT
.hy is CPR 5mportant
*tudies have shown that the general
population will start CPR only <:= of the
time and only <>? of that total is done
correctly
Chest Compressions can be started within
<@ seconds of arriving at the patient,
whereas airway management "rst can
delay compressions by <AB minutes or more
CPR prolongs the period during which
de"brillation can be e+ective
&entricular "brillation is the most
frequent rhythm found in cardiac arrest
)e"brillation is the most e+ective
treatment for &'
Probability of successful de"brillation
diminishes with time
&' will lead to asystole quickly without
proper treatment
C4earts and %rains
are going to dieD
Peter *afar 3)
-3* has the most
opportunity to
perform CPR, so we
should be good at
performing good,
quality CPR
<>
A (Airay!
e#s$re ope#
airay
<E
Open the airway using a head
tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the
head too far back
Check the pulse on
carotid artery using
fingers of the other hand
<F
B (Breathing)

Tilt the head back

and listen for. If
not breathing
normally pinch
nose and co!er
the mouth with
yours and blow
until you see the
chest rise.
<@
C. Circulation
"estore the circulation that is
start e#ternal cardiac massage

A%ays start CPR it& Co'pressio#s

(irst)

Push hard and fast

Rate should be at least <GG per minute

Provide =G compressions then B breaths

3ake sure the chest is allowed to reA

e!pand completely at the end of each
compression
BG
* 'ec&a#is's e+p%ai#i#, t&e
restoratio# o- circ$%atio# .y
e+ter#a% cardiac 'assa,e
Cardiac
pump
Thoracic
pump
B<
Cardiac pump during the cardiac
massage
Blood pumping is assured by the
compression of heart between
sternum and spine
Between
compressions
thoracic cage is
e#panding and heart
is filled with blood
BB
Thoracic pump at the cardiac massage

Blood circulation is restored due to

the change in intra thoracic pressure
and $ugular and subcla!ian !ein
!al!es

During the chest compression

blood is directed from the
pulmonary circulation to the
systemic circulation. Cardiac !al!es
function as in normal cardiac cycle.

Chest compressions and breaths are the

same for adults, child, and infant if you are
alone

$dult age starts at the onset of puberty

(<BA<H years of age)

Child is age < year to the onset of puberty

5nfant is anyone under the age of <year

> 2pen the airway with head tiltAchin
lift
E Place the mask on the patientIs
face
F 0se the -AC clamp technique
@ )eliver each breath over < second
4and Placement for CPR
Circulation

Place heel of the hand

ne!t to the inde! "nger
(on the sternum)

0sing both hands, give

=G chest compressions

Count < and B and =

and

)epth of compressions(
< > to B inches
Circulation

$fter =G chest compressions

give(

B slow breaths

Complete > cycles (=G(B) in B

minutes

ReAcheck for circulation (after B

minute)

Continue CPR reassessing every

few minutes
Continue CPR
0ntil (

&ictim revives

#rained help arrives

#oo e!hausted to continue

0nsafe scene

Physician directed (do not

resuscitate orders)

Cardiac arrest J =G minutes

controversial
#wo Persons CPR

Rescuer <(

R$P$%C

Rescuer B(

.hile circulation is
being checked, place
hands for compressions

Compression rate(
=G(B

*witch o+ when tired

=B
Drugs used in C%"

&tropinecanbeinjectedbolus,max3mgto
blockvagaltone,whichplayssignificantrolein
somecasesofcardiacarrest

&drenaline largedoseshavebeen
withdrawnfromthealgorithm.The
recommendeddoseismgineach3!"min.

'asopresineinsomecases#$%can
replaceadrenaline

&miodarone
-
- shouldbeincludedinalgorithm

(idocaineshouldbeusedonlyinventricular
fibrillation
.hy CPR 3ay 'ail

)elay in starting

5mproper procedures (e! forget to pinch

nose)

1o $C6* followAup and delay in

de"brillation

2nly <>? who receive CPR live to go home

5mproper techniques

#erminal disease or unmanageable

disease (massive heart attack)
5n,uries Related to CPR

Rib fractures

6aceration related to the tip of

the sternum

6iver, lung, spleen

Complications of CPR

&omiting

$spiration

Place victim on left side

.ipe vomit from mouth with

"ngers wrapped in a cloth

Reposition and resume CPR

*tomach )istension

$ir in the stomach

Creates pressure against the

lungs

Prevention

)onIt blow too hard

*low rescue breathing

ReAtilt the head to make sure the

airway is open

0se mouth to nose method