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Bungee Jumping: a short history

The origin of bungee jumping is quite recent, and


probably related to the centuries-old, ritualistic practices
of the "land divers" of Pentecost Island in the S Pacific.
In rites of passage, young men jump hundreds of feet,
protected only by tree vines attached to their ankles
1. Where does the biggest hill occur in a roller-coaster ride: the beginning,
the middle or the end? Does it actually matter where the biggest hill occurs?
2. How many safety features can you think of that are incorporated into your
favourite ride?
3. What do we mean by the term g-force? How many gs can the human
body withstand safely?
4. Roller-coaster carriages dont have a motor. How can a roller-coaster
travel so fast?
5. Who will swing faster on a playground swing: a light person or a heavy
person?
6. On a loop ride, where do you feel the lightest?
7. Why do some people get sick on rides? Are some rides worse than others?
8. Why is it difficult to lift your arms and legs when you are on a rotor ride?
9. How slippery does the surface of a slippery slide need to be? Why do some
people get stuck part of the way down?
10. What elements of a roller-coasters design give an exciting ride?
By manipulating the characteristics of gravity,
periodic motion and speed, these engineers use
physics to trick the body into thinking that it is in a lot
more trouble than it really is.
Mass changes the time of travel for an object in free fall

a feather and a hammer dropped from the same height in
vacuum will hit the ground at same time

a feather and a hammer dropped from the same height
from the top of a tower will hit the ground at the same
time
An object with large area will experience small air
resistance
True or false

In 1971, Apollo 15 astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and a
feather from the same height while standing on the surface of
the Moon. The hammer and the feather fell at the same rate and
hit the ground at the same time. So much for the whole heavy
objects fall faster than light ones argument!
The Moon has too little gravity to hold a thick atmosphere
around it like the Earth does, so the hammer and the feather
both fell without encountering enough particles to cause any
measurable resistance.
Something to think
How fast will a ball be travelling when it strikes the
ground if it is dropped from a height of 100 m and
there is no air resistance?
How fast would a coin dropped from a height of 3 km
be travelling when it hit the ground if there was no
atmosphere?
An objects momentum is the product of its mass and
its velocity.
Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. It
equals the product of a force and the time interval over
which the force acts.
Momentum and impulse
Cricket players, often break their fingers when they catch a ball
that is travelling very quickly. The speed of the ball is reduced to
zero in a very short time period, causing a large net force to act
on the hand.
To catch a fast ball safely, it is necessary to allow the hand to
continue moving in the same direction as the ball while you
bring it to rest. This has the effect of increasing the time interval
over which the ball is stopped, which in turn decreases the
average net force acting on your hand.
Impulse and sports safety

The thick mats used by gymnasts and high jumpers, the
catchers mitts used by ball players and even the thick soles
on a pair of running shoes all serve the same purpose.

They increase the time interval over which a moving object is
brought to rest and so reduce the average net force acting
on the human body.
A putter exerts a force of 8 N for a time interval of
0.01 s on a golf ball at rest on the green. With what
velocity will the ball leave the putter if the ball has a
mass of 50 g?
What is the impulse of a 200 g ball that is initially at
rest on the ground but travels at 5 m s1 when
kicked?
A 70 kg basketball player lands on the ground after a jump at a speed of 10 m/s and is
brought to a stop by the ground in 0.35 s. What is the average force exerted on her by
the ground?

A 60 kg trampolinist jumps straight up in the air by exerting an average force of 1060 N
on the trampoline bed for a time of 0.5 s.
(a) What is the impulse of the trampolinist on the trampoline?
(b) At what speed does he leave the trampoline?
(c) What will be the maximum height that he reaches?

In a billiards game, the white ball is travelling at a speed of 3 m s1 when it strikes the
yellow ball, which is initially at rest. If the white ball is slowed to a speed of 0.5 m s1
after the collision, what will be the speed of the yellow ball? (Assume that the two
balls have the same mass.)

A .22 rifle that has a mass of 4.6 kg recoils backwards at a speed of 0.6 m s1 when it
fires a 3.6 g bullet. At what speed did the bullet leave the barrel (ignoring the frictional
effects of the barrel)?
A 160 g cricket ball is accelerated from rest by a force of 18 N acting on it for 0.15 s.
Calculate: (a) the change in momentum experienced by the ball
(b) the acceleration experienced by the ball.
Assuming that the track is frictionless, calculate the speed of a
3000 kg roller-coaster at:
(a) B
(b) C
(c) D
At which point the speed will be the highest?


P.E converts into K.E as you travel from the top of a hill
As there is no further energy provided to the system, the
amount of potential energy that the roller-coaster initially
gained will, ideally, be equal in value to the total amount of
energy it will have at any moment in its path.
But in real life what happens to energy there is friction
between the track and the wheels
Roller-coasters
The total momentum before collision must be equal
to the momentum after collision.
Momentum is not lost, but is transferred between the
members of the system.

Whenever a bat hits a cricket ball, a football player
kicks a football, or one football player collides with
another, momentum is transferred.
Conservation of momentum
Two players are running to catch a ball from opposite
directions and end up colliding. One has a mass of 110
kg, was running at 4 m/s when he collided with second
person, who has a mass of 80 kg and an initial speed of
5 m/s. If second person ends up bouncing backwards at
a speed of 2 m s1, what will first persons velocity be
after the collision?
Roller-coasters, tracks and steel may be able to withstand sustained exposure to
high g-forces, the human body can not.

Accelerations of up to 4g are generally tolerated by the average human body for
short periods of time (less than a second), but sustained exposure may lead to
difficulties in breathing and loss of consciousness, as blood is pulled away from
the head.

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