Nanotechnology

ABriefOverview
-Identifying Opportunities and Strategies-
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We are placing bets on things we can do
uniquely well.

First, new ways to power the world.

Second, molecular medicine.

And third, nanotechnology.
- Jeff Immelt, CEO, General Electric

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WhatisNanotech?

NanoTechnology Art and science of manipulating atoms
and molecules to create new systems, materials, and devices.

Nanomeasurement Size

Nanomanipulation Building from the bottom up.
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SizeMatters
How Big is a Nano?
Nano = 1 billionth;100,000
xs smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
A cubic micron of water
contains about 90 billion
atoms. A micron is one
thousandth of a millimeter,
and a thousand times
larger than a nanometer.
Another way to visualize a
nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000
nanometers
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AppliedNanotechnology
ExamplesofCurrentResearchandApplications
Materials Science
Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,
C-NanoFabrics
Energy Solar Power and PhotoVoltaics, Hydrogen Fuel
Cells, LED White Light
Medicine/Biotech Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip,
C-Nanotubes,BuckyBalls
Electronics MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits
Devices Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM, MEMS
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Disruptive Apps - Materials
Fiber that is stronger than spider web
Metal 100 xs stronger than steel, 1/6 weight
Catalysts that respond more quickly and to more agents
Plastics that conduct electricity
Coatings that are nearly frictionless (Shipping Industry)
Materials that change color and transparency on demand.
Materials that are self repairing, self cleaning, and never need
repainting.
Nanoscale powders that are five times as light as plastic but
provide the same radiation protection as metal.

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Disruptive Apps - Energy
Fuel cell technology becomes cost effective
within 3 years.
Batteries that store more energy and are
much more efficient
Plastics and paints that will store solar power
and convert to energy for $1 per watt.

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Disruptive Apps - Computing
Silicon is hitting its size limit, Moores law
reaches maximum in 2007
SuperChips Combination of Silicon and
Galium Arsenide create wireless chips
Plastic semiconductors manufactured by
regular printing devices cheaply produced.
Electronic Paper
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Disruptive Apps Bio Medicine
Cosmetics that can penetrate the skin
Cures for Aids, Cancers, Alzheimer's, Diabetes
Ability to view cells In vivo - Fast Drug Creation
Nanomaterials that can see inside vessels for plaque
buildup
Technology that can re-grow bone and organs
NanoSensors for disease detection 10xs faster
and 100,000 xs more accurate
Nanofilters will help create impurity free drugs.
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KeyTermsYouNeedtoKnow
BuckyBalls
Carbon Nanotubes
MEMS
Quantum Dots
Molecular Self
Repair/Assembly
MRAM/Spintronics
Lithography

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Carbon Nanotubes
4 nm width (smaller
diameter than DNA)
100xs stronger than
steel 1/6 weight
Thermal/electrically
conductive
Metallic and Semi-
Conductive
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BuckyBallsC60
Roundest and most
symmetrical molecule
known to man
Compressed becomes
stronger than diamond
Third major form of pure
carbon
Heat resistance and
electrical conductivity
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MEMSandQuantumDots
Micro Sized Motor Quantum Dot
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ObstaclesandHurdles
Mass Production/Throughput and Cost
Constraints

Funding Requires Long-Term Investments

Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office
that is Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified
Source: IEEE Spectrum August
2003 15
TheInternationalRacefor
NanotechSupremacy
1998 Bill Clinton Signed the NNI

June 2003 - Congress approves
$2.3b in additional funding

Europe and Asia are Moving Fast
Maybe Faster
S.Korea just announced a $2b
gov. initiative

Why? Because Winner controls
manufacturing for next century

0
200
400
600
800
1
9
9
8
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
Government
Nanotech Funding
(In Billions)
U.S Japan
Europe Other
Source: The Fredonia Group 16
U.SMarket
NanomaterialsProjections
$125
$1,000
$35,000
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
2000 2007 2020
(In Billions)
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Resources

Must Read Books
As the Future Catches You Juan Enriquez
Investors Guide to Nanotechnology and Micromachines Glenn Fishbine
Next Big Thing Is Really Small: How Nanotechnology Will Change the Future of Your
Business Jack Uldrich, Deb Newberry
Hacking Matter Will McCarthey

Periodicals
Forbes/Wolfe Nanotech Report
MIT Technology Review
Science
Nature

Web www.nanotechgroup.org