2G KPI Training

-Call Setup Success Rate

-Call Drop
-TCH_Congestion
-SDCCH_Congestion
-SDCCH_Drop
-Handover
-Traffic(Erlang)
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Call Setup Success Rate KPI
-CSSR is measured as the number of successful calls to the number of call
requests ,multiplied by 100%.
Let SU be successful calls,RQ be number of request calls.
If requests made are 80 and successful ones are 76,what is our CSSR
78/80*100=97.5%
Therefore CSSR=97.5%

-The KPI involves Mobile originating(MO) of call until a complete connectivity
is set. When a Mobile Station(MS) wants to make a call it sends a channel
request to BTS.After receiving the request the BTS sends it to BSC.
-When the BSC receives the request it sends a channel activation to BTS for
acknowledgement, and when it gets the acknowledgement from the it,the
BSC sends a command IMM ASS CMD(Immediate Assignment Command) so
that signaling channel can be allocated for a call to a MS.

-A channel can either be a TCH or an SDCCH.

-The process continues up to MSC.

-Factors affecting CSSR
-Availability of resources e.g.TCH,SDCCH
-Hardware of BTS/Transmission equipment.
-Configuration parameters of a cell.
-Interference with other networks using the same frequencies.

Call Setup Success Rate KPI
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING CSSR

1.Choose the cell with high TCH assignment failure rate.
2.Check if Transmission problem/hardware problem exist. If there any of these mention
problems, solve them.
3.If none of these problems are there check Data Configuration. If there any of parameter
problems solve them.
4.If none of these are there check interference for both intra-network and inter-
network/check Frequency configuration.
5.If this problem is not there check coverage(optimization)
6.If coverage problem is not there check antenna. If it has tilting problems, work on it.
7.If antenna is ok,check repeater
8.If repeater is ok,check the mobile phone.

By all these steps low assignment rate does not exist.
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Call Drop KPI
-This is a scenario in GSM in which an originating call gets terminated not by the
user but due to poor quality of a certain parameter in the system.
-Call drop is affected by a number of factors. In this case right procedures are
involved to have this problem eliminated.
Types of Drops
-Drops to due to Radio _This is due to faulty hardware.eg. BTS hardware,
microwave radios,RF cables, Antennas etc.

-Drops due to Handover _This happens when neighbours are not assigned
within neighboring cells.
-Drops due to BSS_This is the call drop that occurs from a mobile station
up to Transcoder(In this case microwave
links are also involved.

Call Drop(N)=CDR(Radio)+CDR(Handover)+CDR(BSS)+CDR(X)

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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING CALL DROP
-To troubleshoot the call drop a number of steps are followed.
-On radio call drop, check BTS hardware, and even
transmission hardware.If these are proved to be ok,check
configuration
parameters.e.g.MAIO,Frequency
allocation per sector.

-Handover(HOSR)_Check if neighboring cells are well defined and
assigned to the cell which is involved in call drop. Microwave
links can also be checked in this category

-BSS_Check with the transcoder if drops are still available


NETWORK PERFORMANCE
TCH_Congestion KPI
-This is scenario that occurs when no resources are available during call set up. This KPI
mostly affects CSSR because it determines TCH assignment.
-A TRX has 8 timeslots which are allocated for various functionalities.
-Timeslot 0=BCCH,Time slot 1=SDCCH,Timeslots,2,3,4,5,and 6 TCH for voice or PDTCH for
data.
-During call set up these TCH timeslots are regarded as resources, so as to check which
ones are free to assign to a mobile station. Refer to CSSR page.
-If all resources are used the wordcongestioncomes in.
-In this case an MS will be unable to originate a call because all TCH channels or
resources are used.
-If this problem continues, then the rate at which the congestion is happening increases.
-By the end of the day CSSR KPI will suffer because many people will not be able to make
phone calls.
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING TCH CONGESTION
-To eliminate congestion a number of steps are involved depending on the cause of
congestion.
1.Check if TRX are not faulty/or down because this causes more traffic to be sharing
a fewer available TRX.
If TRXs are degraded they can not carry traffic due to low efficiency. It is also
important to check TRX usability or TRX efficiency.

2.Congestion due to increase in number of users.
This happens due to a number of factors e.g. Promotion during a certain hour.
Mere increase of network users in a certain area.
-Solution-Half rate can be involved/add more TRXs/Fourth sector even another site
Can be added in traffic is still there, just for commercial purposes.
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
SDCCH KPI
-SDCCH is call stand alone dedicated control control channel.
-Its function is for call setup during call.
-It is also for signalling.

-SDCCH- Drop,similary with Call Drop this is the number of drops that are made during
call set up against the number of assigned SDCCH channels.
-This is caused due to a number of reasons like hardware failure on BTS.
-When we say hardware we mean faulty TRXs,RA,Cables etc. all those contribute to
sdcch drop.

Solution; Check if there are any alarms related to the failure take required steps.i.e.
Make sure they are replaced, and observe the performance afterwards.
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
SDCCH KPI
SDCCH Congestion-This is similar to TCH Congestion in a way that it depends on
available resources for an MS to initiate a call.

Solution
-When all resources are used there will be congestion. Which means no free resources
To be allocated to an MS to initiate a call.
-When the SDCCH congestion is increased we add other channels, by changing a TCH
to an SDCCH.
-When congestion still increases we add a TRX in order to accommodate all the
required channels.
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Hand Over KPI
-This KPI is call handover success rate.
-Its function is to allow an established call to be maintained during user mobility.
-In this case when a user is travelling he is able to be transferred from one cell to
another when adjacencies/neighbours are well defined.
Factor affecting HOSR
1.Availability of Neighbours/Adjacencies
-This is when neighbours are assigned during configuration.
2.Hardware failure -This normally happens when hardware is faulty and is
call to continuous maintain an established call.
3.TCH_Congestion-If you remember we talked about availability of
resources in TCH-Congestion.During handover a BSC checks the
availability of resources of a cell where an originated call has to be
transferred.
-When resources/TCH channel is available a call will be handed over to
the targeted cell successfully.
If the cell is busy there will be time as per required interval of the process.
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Handover
4.Call Drop-This KPI also affect the process of handovers in a way that when
-This is the measurement of a call in period of an hour.
-The measurement also depends on GoS=Grade of Service.
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Traffic(Erlang)