June 2009

Module 10
LD Language
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
Ladder Diagram (LD) corresponds to a rung for relay switching. Left power
rail corresponds to the phase and right power rail corresponds to the neutral
of the rung

Complies with IEC 61131-3 standard

A group of objects linked together with no link to other objects (excluding
power rail) is called a network

LD programming language is cell oriented (only one object can be placed in
each cell)

Process sequence is determined by the data flow within the section.
Networks connected to the left power rail are processed from top to bottom
Overview
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
Grid divides section into
rows and columns
11 - 64 columns and
100 2000 lines
Execution sequence is
defined by position of
the networks (from top
to bottom)
Right power rail
(neutral)
LD Editor
Left power rail
(phase)
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
LD Toolbar
Contacts Coils
Boolean
links Link tool
Operate &
compare
blocks
Jump &
jump label
Return
Data
selection
Types
library
browser
FFB input
assistant
Pin
negation
Numeric
link
Comment
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
Links
FFB links are combinations
of horizontal and vertical
segments that connect FFB
inputs / outputs to other
objects
Boolean links consist of one
or more horizontal or vertical
segments linking Boolean
objects (contacts or coils)
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
Control Elements
Designation Representation Description
Jump NEXT When status of the left link is 1 this object makes a
jump to a label in the section
For unconditional jump place the jump object
directly on the left power rail
For conditional jump place the jump object after the
contacts
Tag Label: Jump target is indicated as text ended with colon
Label (32 characters max) is unique within the
section and is placed in the first cell
Return Return Return object is used only in DFBs and subroutines
to force return to the main program. DFBs and
subroutines are automatically exited after being
processed (without return object)
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- Training M RUIZ June 2008
Operate & Control Blocks
Designation Representation Description
OPERATE block Operate blocks are used to execute
a ST instruction
All ST instructions are allowed
except the control instructions
(RETURN / IF / FOR / JUMP / CASE
/ etc)
Operate block requires 1 line and 4
columns
COMPARE block Compare blocks are used to execute
a compare expression in ST
language (<, >, <=, >=, =, <>)
Compare block requires 1 line and 2
colums