SUBMITTED BY :

AMIT KUMAR BISWAL (314SM1002)

KUSHAL DEY (314SM1005)
IRFANA HASHMI (314SM1008)
A PRESENTATION
ON
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
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DEFINITION
What is a Computer?

A computer is a programmable machine that
receives input, stores and automatically
manipulates data, and provides output in a
useful format.

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Charles Babbage
English inventor
Father Of The Computer
1791-1871
invented a viable mechanical
computer equivalent to
modern digital computers

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Babbages first computer



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Built in early 1800s
Special purpose calculator
Naval navigation charts

Babbages second computer
Analytical engine
general-purpose
used binary system
punched cards as input
branch on result of
previous instruction
Ada Lovelace (first
programmer)
machined parts not
accurate enough
never quite completed
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analytical engine, 1834
The abacus - the first
computer
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Asian abacus
Roman abacus
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Four generations of computers
1. 1951-1958 Vacuum Tube
about the size of light bulbs
thousands of them
is the bug a problem with
tube or program?
machine code and punch cards
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2. 1959-1964 Transistor
transfers electronic
signals across resistor
assembly languages:
1954 - FORTRAN
1959 - COBOL
3. 1960-1970 Integrated Circuit
complete electronic circuit on a small chip of
silicon
silicon is a semiconductor - will transmit
electrical signal when specific chemical
impurities are introduced to lattice structure.
IBM 360 series of IBM
first time small and medium businesses could
afford a computer.
unbundle software - sell software separately:
the birth of the software industry

4. 1971-PRESENT Microprocessor (VLSI)
extension of third generation
get specialized chips for memory and logic
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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Classification by Technology
FLESH
WOOD
METALS
ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES
ELECTRONIC ELEMENTS

Classification by Capacity
MICROCOMPUTERS
MINICOMPUTERS
MEDIUM-SIZE COMPUTERS
LARGE COMPUTERS
SUPERCOMPUTERS















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Classification by their basic operating
principle
ANALOG COMPUTERS

DIGITAL COMPUTERS

HYBRID COMPUTERS


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Binary Numbers 1 and 0 s
Computers speak binary. Binary language consists of
combinations of 1's and 0's that represent characters of other
languages (in our case the English language). Dont make the
mistake of thinking that little 1's and 0's are running around
inside of the computer. We humans prefer to think of 1's and
0's because its easier than visualizing positive and negative
current flows or open and closed circuits which is what
actually happens inside computers. A combination of eight
bits represents one character in our language. One character
in our language (eight bits) is referred to as a byte. (For
example: 01000001 is a byte that represents an uppercase A;
each 1 or 0 is a bit.)
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Binary Numbers
Kilobytes, Megabytes, and Gigabytes
If you understand that a byte is one character in our language, youve
got it made because:
1000 bytes = 1 kilobyte
(1,000 characters = 1 kilobyte)
1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte
(1,000,000 characters = 1 megabyte)
1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (1,000,000,000 characters = 1
gigabyte)
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THIS IS A FEW OF THE
DIFFERENT TYPES
Of
COMPUTERS

Desk top
Lap Top
Hand Held
computer
computer
Computer
computer
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Major Computers Companies first Computers
Compaq - March 1983 Compaq
released its first computer and
the first 100% IBM compatible
computer the "Compaq
Portable."
Dell - In 1985 Dell introduced its
first computer, the "Turbo PC."
Hewlett Packard - In 1966
Hewlett Packard released its
first general computer, the "HP-
2115."
NEC - In 1958 NEC builds its first
computer the "NEAC 1101."
Toshiba - In 1954 Toshiba
introduces its first computer,
the "TAC" digital computer.
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New Applications & Wearable
Computers
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Conclusion
Knowing something about the evolution of
computers is helpful to understanding
why things are the way they are now
Computing devices have been around for
a long time
Digital computers are fairly new
Rate of improvement and growth is amazing
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References
-Alacritude, LLC. (2003).
http://www.infoplease.com
-Allison, Joanne (1997)
http://www.computer50.org/mark1/ana dig.html
-Computational Science Education Project. (1996)
http://csep1.phy.ornl.gov/csep.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boulier1.JPG
-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RomanAbacusR
econ.jpg

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