ISDR

Inter-Standard Data Roaming

Technical Architecture Options
Lokdeep Singh
lsingh@worldcell.com
June, 2006
Agenda
ISDR requirements
GPRS Roaming Overview
Implementation options for ISDR
Worldcell Introduction
Q&A

Inter-standard Data roaming requirements
VHE Virtual Home environment
Seamless experience to the user and CDMA
operator
Integrated device for voice and data both on CDMA and
GSM
Present GPRS network as an integrated single V-PDSN
Support for MIP,SIP architecture
Billing and clearing using AAA
Use exiting CRX connectivity
Integrated Signaling GW for IS voice and Data
GSM MAP to ANSI MAP Voice/SMS
GSM MAP to AAA Data and SMS


GPRS Data Roaming Architecture



GGS N GGS N S GS N S GS N
MS MS
GRX
BG BG
Internet
GW GW
Home Network Visited Network
GW GW
HL R HL R
MS C
VL R
MS C
VL R
SCCP
GGS N GGS N
Private
PDN
Private
PDN
BG BG
GPRS Support Nodes : SGSN and GGSN
SGSN: Mobility Management, Security Functions, Access Control, sets up Data Sessions etc.
GGSN : interface to external PDN (Packet Data Networks).

PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context defines the logical association between a MS (Mobile Station) and PDN (Public Data Network) that
is set up via a GPRS network. The PDP Context defines aspects such as the Packet Protocol used, APN (Access Point Name), QoS,
Access Level, etc.

GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) Tunnel is set up between SGSN and GGSN for PDP Context. User data is transferred transparently
between the MS and the external PDN with encapsulation and tunneling: data packets are equipped with GPRS-specific protocol
information and transferred between the MS and GGSN.

GRX- Similar to CRX in functionality. Packet Data transferred between Home Network and Roaming Partner Network is transferred via
GRX (GPRS Roaming Exchange).
GRPS Data Roaming Scenarios
MS connects via VSGSN and VGGSN
Subscriber is roaming and registers using SGSN in roaming
partner network.
The SGSN determines via DNS query (using APN) that the
PDP context will be set up via GGSN on the same network.
GTP tunnel is set up between VSGSN and VGGSN on local
GPRS IP backbone.
Typical setup when Local Internet Access is provided by the
roaming partner to roaming subscribers.





GGS N GGS N S GS N S GS N
MS MS
Internet
GTP GTP GW GW
Visited Network
Internet
GGS N GGS N S GS N S GS N
MS MS
GRX
BG BG
GW GW
Home Network
Visited Network
BG BG
GTP GTP
MS connects via VSGSN and HGGSN
Subscriber is roaming and registers using SGSN in roaming
partner network.
The SGSN determines via DNS query (using APN) that the
PDP context will be set up via GGSN on the subscribers
home network.
The DNS query procedure may involve usage of root DNS
(master GPRS DNS accessible via GRX), or DNS on the
home network.
GTP tunnel is set up between VSGSN and HGGSN via
GRX network(s).
Typical setup when roaming subscribers access Data
Services provided by the Home Network (e.g. MMS, WAP,
Intranet, etc).
APN (Access Point Name)
APNs are used to identify Access Points (AP) to PDNs.

The APN consists of both:
Network ID reference to the Access Point within GPRS PLMN (fully qualified domain name)
E.g. gprs.worldcell.com
Operator ID points to a GPRS PLMN

Complete APN has the following format: <network id>.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
E.g. gprs.worldcell.com.mnc004.mcc274.gprs

APNs are resolved by DNS to GGSN IP address. They are used to create logical
connection between MS and PDN, with GTP tunnel between SGSN and GGSN.

The GPRS DNS system is private network and does not have any interaction with the
Internets DNS system.

The APN is constructed by SGSN during PDP Context Activation procedure, it can be
obtained from a number of sources:
From the MS, APN is entered by the subscriber (or stored in phone memory);
the HLR as part of the subscriber profile; or
default SGSN data.

Signaling voice
Signaling- Data
Signaling -Tunnel
GPRS Data Roaming

Differences in CDMA Packet Data and GPRS
Function CDMA GPRS
Basic Internet Access Visited PDSN and PCF Visited GGSN and SGSN

Corporate Private Access Visited PCF and PDSN - Tunnel End point is HA Home GGSN- Visited SGSN
Tunnel End Point in corporate network
Network Selection MS Selects network with NAI user@realm MS selects network with APN

IP assignment IP assignment by HA IP assignment by AAA/DHCP/L2TP Server

L2 Routing GRE Tunnels BSC-PCF and PCF-PDSN GTP tunnels GGSN_SGSN and RNC-SGSN

Billing PDSN consolidates and sends to AAA server -RADIUS SGSN-GGSN send to CGF

Authentication Often without SIM/RUIM With SIM/USIM

ISDR challenges and Issues
Multi-Mode combined voice/data devices
Lack of MIP support on most GPRS networks
Different Protocols for data roaming
GSM MAP for data session authentication. Radius for CDMA
data session authentication
Billing is TAP based in GPRS, RADIUS based in CDMA
GTP tunnel in GPRS, GRE in CDMA for achieving MIP
Limited LNS resources in CDMA PDSN
Complex APN-NAI mapping Multiple NAIs in CDMA to support
multiple rate plans, multiple network properties
GPRS carriers do not have SID/NID/Cell ID for used in BSID
attribute



ISDR Framework
Support for MIP and SIP.
Device independent MIP/SIP selection based on APN and MIP proxy
Additional GRX connectivity not mandatory
Map to Radius (AAA) authentication supported
IIF acts as a GSM HLR/HGGSN for the GSM Roaming network
IIF acts as a ANSI VLR/FA/V-PDSN/LCA for CDMA Carrier
Support for MIP Proxy when MIP not available on MS
Network
Authentication
Plane
Data
Authentication
and Bearer
Traffic
Plane
ISDR Architecture Options
1. MIP Always- MIP tunnel back to HA irrespective
device/GPRS NW MIP support
MIP reverse tunnel back to HA in all cases
2. SIP with internet Offload at H-GGSN
SIP session with public internet access using GGSN of GSM(Sponsor)
NW
3. End to End GTP
Extend GTP back to CDMA PDSN.
4. SIP with L2TP- LNS Proxy

Option 1>MIP Always- MIP proxy
MIP proxy functions as FA and MN
The GTP tunnel shown is actually between SGSN and GGSN
IIF is responsible for the MAP-RADIUS conversion and APN and NAI mapping
Worldcell ,Inc. Proprietary and Confidential
MIP Always-MIP Proxy Call Flow
Option 2 >SIP with Internet Access Only

Option3>SIP with GGSN in CDMA PDSN

The GGSN@CDMA needs to have GTT from GSM network
The GRX connection from (Sponsor) GSM network can be used

Option 4> SIP with L2TP and LNS proxy
IIF can act as LCA and as well LNS proxy in cases where home
CDMA PDSN does not support L2TP or has IP related LNS limitation


About WorldCell
Global provider of communication services
Company now providing Managed Wireless
Services Business on leading networks across
Europe and Asia
US Government (DoD, DoS)
Licensed GSM operator in Iceland
Viking Wireless
roaming agreements with over 245 networks
WorldCell RSB provides Roaming Services to
major wireless operators, supporting multiple
technologies including GSM, CDMA, WiFi
HQ in US; Offices in Germany, Iceland and Brazil
Back Up Slides
End to End
MIP GPRS-
CDMA call
flow
CDMA to CDMA Packet data roaming
Mobile IP Call Flows