Separation of

Mixtures
Monday, September 15,
2014
Separation of Mixtures
Identify the ways in which

magnetic attraction
filtration
evaporation
distillation
paper chromatography

can be used to separate mixtures.
Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures are matter that are made up of
two or more compounds and/or elements.
They can be usually be separated.
Solution
Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved particles.
(0.12.0 nm in diameter)

Example: Mineral water


Colloid

A homogeneous mixture containing particles with
diameters in the range 2500 nm

Examples: Skin lotion, milk

Suspensions
mixtures with even larger particles, but they are not true
solutions because they separate upon standing.
Examples: Sambal Nasi Lemak, Orange Juice


Solute & Solvent

Solute: the dissolved substance in a solution
Solvent: the major component in a solution


Kinds of Solutions
Separation of Mixtures
Techniques
Magnetic
Attraction
Filtration

Paper
Chromatography
Distillation

Evaporation

Separation of Mixtures
Magnetic Attraction





Separating mixtures containing magnetic
material like iron, cobalt and nickel.
Separation of Mixtures
Evaporation

Separating mixture of dissolved solids from
a liquid.

Heat is applied to quicken evaporation but
NOT to cause decomposition.

Separation of Mixtures
Filtration

Separating mixture of un-dissolved solids
from a liquid.
Some Filtration Systems
Filtration diagram
Separation of Mixtures
Distillation

Separating liquid-liquid mixtures of different
boiling points.

Temperature tells the type of vapour that is
entering the condenser.
Laboratory Distillation Setup
Stone chips are
added into the
liquid to allow
even and uniform
boiling
Cold and hot water enters
from the bottom and top of
the condenser respectively.
Water will gain heat as
vapour condenses.
Warmer water is less
effective in condensing
vapour
Thermometer at the
entrance of the
condenser
indicates the
boiling point of the
type of vapour
entering it

Whiskey distillery
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Used in refineries to separate crude oil
into its different components
Based on difference in boiling point.
Products include: Natural Gas, Kerosene,
Gasoline, Diesel, Diesel Oil
Less Dense
Component
Denser
Component

Separation of Mixtures
Paper Chromatography

Identify the type of substances in a mixture.

Each substance has a different solubility in a
common solvent.
(1) Mixtures
added at the
base line
(2) Paper
dipped into
solvent for
mixtures
(3) Component
will run along
paper as it
dissolves in
solvent
Components of Essential Oils are
separated
Separation of Mixtures
What are the components in mixture X?
Red X Yellow Blue
X Contains Red and
Yellow Components
Separation of Mixtures
How do you separate a mixture of salt,
sand and iron?

Salt
Salt
Salt
Iron
Iron
Iron
N S
Sand
Sand
Sand
Magnetic attraction to get iron filings
Add water to dissolve salt
Filter to get sand residue
Evaporate filtrate to get salt
Separation of Mixtures
Conclusion
5 simple methods of separating mixtures.
Different methods for components of mixtures
with different properties.
Separating mixtures produces better
understanding of mixture.
Man can produce useful mixtures/components
from raw components/mixtures.