Preparation Of Chemical

Solutions
How to determine the molarity of Commercial
Concentration Reagents
For example the label on a bottle of commercial
sulphuric acid is :
Specific Gravity = 1.84
Percentage = 96

Determine the molarity of H
2
SO
4 .

Solution:
Density of H
2
SO
4
= 1.84g / 1ml
Relative molecular mass in grams = 98g
Weight of H
2
SO
4
in 1ml = 1.84g / 1ml x 96/100
= 1.77g
Weight of H
2
SO
4
in 1l = 1.77g / 1ml x 1000ml/1l
= 1770g/l
Molarity of H
2
SO
4
= 1770 / 98
= 18 M

Activity:
Determine the molarity of hydrochloric acid if
the specific gravity is 1.18 and the percentage is
36.
Solution:
Density of HCl

= 1.18g / 1ml
Relative molecular mass in grams = 36.5g
Weight of HCl

in 1ml = 1.18g / 1ml x 36/100
= 0.425g
Weight of HCl

in 1l = 0.425g / 1ml x 1000ml/1l
= 425g/l
Molarity of HCl

= 425 / 36.5
= 11.6M

Preparation of Stock Solution
Stock solutions are usually prepared from
commercial concentrations by using this
formula:

M
1
V
1
= M
2
V
2


M
1
= Molarity of concentrated solution
V
1
= Volume of concentrated solution
M
2
= Molarity of dilute solution
V
2
= Volume of dilute solution

Example
A dilute solution of sulphuric acid is to be
prepared from concentrated solution.
How many ml of 18M H
2
SO
4
is required to make
120ml 3M H
2
SO
4
?

Solution:
M
1
= 18M ; V
1
=? ; M
2
= 3M ; V
2
= 120ml

V
1
= M
2
V
2
= 3 x 120 = 20ml


M
1
18

Activity:
If you have stock solution of 2M hydrochloric
acid, explain how you can prepared 500ml 0.1M
hydrochloric acid from the stock solution.

Solution:
M
1
= 2.0M ; V
1
=? ; M
2
= 0.1M ; V
2
= 500ml

V
1
= M
2
V
2
= 0.1 x 500 = 25ml


M
1
2.0

Procedures:
1. Fill the 500ml volumetric flask with
about 20ml of distilled water.
2. Pipette 25ml of hydrochloric acid into
the volumetric flask.
3. By using the wash bottle, fill the
volumetric flask with distilled water
until the liquid meniscus is even with
the graduated mark.
4. Cocked and shake the volumetric
flask.
Pipette
Volumetric
Flask
Making Standard Solutions by Weighing
Basic of making solutions:
GCSE Chemistry CD- solutions / curriculum
focus / elements, compound, mixtures

Making solutions by weighing:
GCSE Chemistry CD- Investigating
concentrations / experiment


Activity:

Preparing 100 cm
3
of 2.0 M standard
sodium hydroxide solution.
Procedures:
1. 8.0 g of solid sodium hydroxide is weighed.
2. Transferred 8.0g of sodium hydroxide into a beaker
containing about 25.0 cm
3
of distilled water. The mixture
is stirred well to dissolve the solid.
3. The solution from the beaker is then carefully poured into
a 100 cm
3
volumetric flask through a filter funnel.
4. Fill the volumetric flask with distilled water until the
liquid meniscus is even with the graduated mark.
5. Cocked and shake the volumetric flask.