GITA RAHMA YANTI

1411012020
DEFINITION
Describing is defined as giving details about a
person, thing or event.

Graph is a diagram representing a system of
connections or interrelations among two or
more things by a number of distinctive dots,
lines, bars, etc.
GRAPH
A graph commonly
consists of two axes
called the x-axis
(horizontal) and y-axis
(vertical). Each axis
corresponds to one
variable. The axes are
labeled with different
names, such as Price
and Quantity.
GRAPH PURPOSE
help people understand data quickly
If you want to make a comparison, show
a relationship, or highlight a trend, they
help your audience "see" what you are
talking about.
APPLICATION OF GRAPH
Graphs can be used to model many types of relations
and processes In :
physical,
biological

social
information systems
represent networks of communication
data organization
omputational devices
link structure of a website can be represented by a
directed graph
etc


Graph classes
Many problems involve characterizing the members of
various classes of graphs. Some examples of such
questions are below:
Enumerating the members of a class
Characterizing a class in terms of forbidden
substructures
Ascertaining relationships among classes (e.g., does
one property of graphs imply another)
Finding efficient algorithms to decide membership in a
class
Finding representations for members of a class.

The trouble is there are so many different types
of charts and graphs that it's difficult to know
which one to choose. Click on the chart option
in your spreadsheet program and you're
presented with many styles. They all look
smart, but which one is appropriate for the
data you've collected?
TYPE OF GRAPH
Line Graphs
One of the most common graphs you will
encounter is a line graph. Line graphs simply
use a line to connect the data points that you
plot.
They are most useful for showing trends, and
for identifying whether two variables relate to
(or "correlate with") one another.

example
ABC Enterprises' sales vary
throughout the year. By plotting
sales figures on a line graph, as
shown in Figure 3 , it's easy to
see the main fluctuations
during the course of a year.
Here, sales drop off during the
summer months, and around
New Year. While some seasonal
variation may be unavoidable in
the line of business ABC
Enterprises is in, it may be
possible to boost cash flows
during the low periods through
marketing activity and special
offers.
TYPE OF GRAPH
Bar Graphs
Another type of graph that shows
relationships between different data series is
the bar graph. Here the height of the bar
represents the measured value or frequency:
The higher or longer the bar, the greater the
value.

ABC Enterprises sells three
different models of its main
product, the Alpha, the
Platinum, and the Deluxe. By
plotting the sales each model
over a three year period, it
becomes easy to see trends that
might be masked by a simple
analysis of the figures
themselves. In Figure 5, you can
see that, although the Deluxe is
the highest-selling of the three,
its sales have dropped off over
the three year period, while
sales of the other two have
continued to grow.
TYPE OF GRAPH
Pie Charts
A pie chart compares parts to a whole. As such it
shows a percentage distribution. The entire pie
represents the total data set and each segment of
the pie is a particular category within the whole.
So, to use a pie chart, the data you are measuring
must depict a ratio or percentage relationship.
You must always use the same unit of measure
within a pie chart. Otherwise your numbers will
mean nothing.

TYPE OF GRAPH
Venn Diagram
The last graph we will cover here is the Venn
diagram. Devised by the mathematician John
Venn in 1881, this is a diagram used to show
overlaps between sets of data.
Each set is represented by a circle. The degree
of overlap between the sets is depicted by the
overlap between circles

Vocabulary to Describe Graph Trends
Going Up
rose
increased
went up
grew

Going Down
decreased
fell
dropped
declined
No Change
stayed the same
remained constant
leveled off
stabilised


Up and Down
fluctuated
zig-zag
fluttered
undulated
Small Changes -
Adjectives / Adverbs
gently
gradually
slightly
steadily


Big Changes - Adverbs
/ Adjectives
suddenly
sharply
dramatically
Steeply
a lot

Low Points
bottomed out
reached a low

REFERENCES
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Cha
rts_and_Diagrams.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory
http://oppematerjal.sisekaitse.ee/eppleibur/d
escribing_graphs/