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One mole (it is often abbreviated to mol.) = 6.02 x 10 23 or 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Avogadro's number Notes. Moles can be used to calculate how many atoms there are in an amount of substance. For any pure element, one mole of atoms will weigh exactly the number in grams corresponding to the atomic weight of the element.
One mole (it is often abbreviated to mol.) = 6.02 x 10 23 or 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Avogadro's number Notes. Moles can be used to calculate how many atoms there are in an amount of substance. For any pure element, one mole of atoms will weigh exactly the number in grams corresponding to the atomic weight of the element.
One mole (it is often abbreviated to mol.) = 6.02 x 10 23 or 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Avogadro's number Notes. Moles can be used to calculate how many atoms there are in an amount of substance. For any pure element, one mole of atoms will weigh exactly the number in grams corresponding to the atomic weight of the element.
The word dozen represents the number 12. This is independent of the actual items (can be doughnuts, marbles, atoms, etc)
In the same way, chemists use another word called a mole to represent a different number.
One mole (it is often abbreviated to mol.) = 6.02 x 10 23
or 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Avogadros Number Notes This number is important enough to get a name (like dozen) because it can be used to calculate how many atoms there are in an amount of substance.
For any pure element, one mole of atoms will weigh exactly the number in grams corresponding to the atomic weight of the element (found underneath the element symbol on the periodic table).
For instance, 1 mol. of N atoms will weigh 14.007 g It can also be said that 6.94 g of Lithium will contain one mole of Li atoms (6.02 x 10 23 ).
Conversions In order to convert one unit to another:
Given info Units to convert into Units to convert into etc
Units to cancel Units to cancel etc
The Given info is what you started with, and the final answer is everything multiplied and divided together (all units cancel out except for the final units that you want to finish with) Conversionsan example Avogadros Number Notes How many moles are there in 5 grams of Carbon?
5 g C x (1 mol. C atoms/12.01 g. C) = 0.4 moles C atoms
How many atoms are there in 5 grams of C?
0.4 mol C atoms x 6.02 x 10 23 = 2.4 x 10 23 C atoms *you wont have to do this calculation much
If you have 2.2 moles of Al, how many grams?
2.2 mol Al x (26.98 g Al/1 mol Al atoms) = 59 g Al
See p. 324, 328, 329 Avogadros Number Notes Calculating with moles is mostly helpful because you will be able to predict the exact ratios of elements in a substance even though the atomic weights of the different elements may be different.
For instance, in a mole of water molecules, what is the ratio of actual weights of hydrogen and oxygen (not the ratio of # of atoms)?
1 mole of water molecules will have 1 mole of oxygen atoms, and two moles of hydrogen atoms. Avogadros Number Notes To calculate the mass of 1 mole of oxygen atoms: 1 mol O x (15.99 g O/1 mol O atoms)= 15.99g O To calculate the mass of 2 moles of hydrogen atoms: 2 mol H x (1.007 g H/1 mol H atoms) = 2.01 g H Total mass of 1 mole of water molecules = 15.99 g + 2.01 g = 18.0 grams See p. 335-337
Avogadros Number Notes Another calculation you can do is determine the % composition (by weight) of one element in a compound if you know the name or the formula.
See p. 343.
Avogadros Number Notes You can also infer the actual ratios of atoms within compounds by comparing the weights of the substances used to create it (finding the empirical formula). A multiple of the empirical formula in a covalent compound is called a molecular formula.
See p. 345-350. Hydrates In ionic compounds empirical formula tells the ratio of atoms, and the ions form lattice structures of alternating ions. Hydrates Sometimes there are gaps within the ions in the lattice structure, leaving room for water molecules to join. The ratio of water molecules to the other ions depends on the size of the ions, the charge of the ions, and the type of lattice Such ionic compounds that can bind to water molecules are called hydrates. Hydrates We can find the % of water in a hydrate in the same way as when we found the % of a specific element in the % composition See p. 353.