ENVIRONMENTAL

ISSUE Water
Prepared By:

Julie S.R.
Julie S.R.
Roll No: 9 Roll No: 9
Physical Science, GCTE, Trivandrum Physical Science, GCTE, Trivandrum
The next
WORLD
WAR will
be over
WATER
Is There Really A Water
Crisis
Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water
2 out of 3 people will be livin wit! water s!ortaes
by 2"2#
$alf of t!e world%s wetlands !ave been lost since
1&"".
'!e basis for (ost pro)ections for future con*icts is
t!at wit! t!e !rowth o" #e$an#+ t!e decline in
fres!water availability + and t!e adverse !ealt!
e,ects fro( poor water -uality+ scarcity will result in
violence and water wars.
./S

Why
%
&Sit'ati
on(
'!e !lobal
situation
'!e !lobal
situation
0 1ess t!an 32 of t!e world3s
water is fres! 4 t!e rest is
seawater and undrinkable.
0 Of t!is 32 over 2.#2 is fro5en+
locked up in 6ntarctica+ t!e
6rctic and laciers+ and not
available to (an.
0 '!us !u(anity (ust rely on
t!is ".#2 for all of (an3s and
ecosyste(3s fres! water needs.
'!e In#ian
situation
)M*s In#e+en#en,e Day S+ee,h-
.//0
7r 8an(o!an Sin!+ said:
9:li(ate c!ane is t!reatenin our ecosyste(s;
water scarcity is beco(in a way of life and
pollution is a rowin t!reat to our !ealt! and
!abitat.<
=ndia !as 1> 2 of t!e world3s population and ?2 of its
fres! water resources.
'!e In#ian
situation
Water availability1Ran234

@ei!ted averae: 1?."
t!ousand cubic (etres

A 1 =celand: 2&?.3? t!ousand
cubic (etres
A ?B CS6: B."& t!ousand c(s
A >D CE: 3.1 t!ousand c(s
A D& :!ina: 1.B2 t!ousand c(s
# 93 India: 1.56
thousand cubic
metres
A 1?1 Botswana: FB.?>
t!ousand cubic (etres
Severe water stress4
@ei!ted averae: 2#.# 2
A1 =srael:
1"" 2
5 .6 In#ia4
7/8. 9
A 3> :!ina:
??.B 2
A ?2 Cnited States:
31.3 2
A #1 Cnited Eindo(:
21 2
'!e In#ian
situation

Groundwater
H7epletedI

Surface water
HPollutedI

Rainfall H@astedI

Population H I

7e(and H I

:onsu(ption H I

S:6R:='
.

6riculture H I

$ealt! J
/nviron(entH I

Kuture H L I

=ndustrial Growt! H
I

/cono(yF=ndustry
H I

@ater
BusinessH I
'!e In#ian
situation

Groundwater is t!e
(a)or source of water in
our country wit! D#2 of
t!e population
dependent.

Groundwater water
table decline F 33
centi(eters per year.
'!e In#ian
situation
0 Kres! water Mrain and snowNavailability F ?+""" B:8
8ost of w!ic! returns to t!e seas via rivers.
0 Surface and round water availability F 1+D>& B:8.
Of t!is+ ?" 2 is not available.
:ro'n#water
Cons'$+tion4

&22 F 6ricultural

#2 F =ndustrial

32 F 7o(estic.
S'r"a,e water
Cons'$+tion4

D&2 F 6ricultural

22 F =ndustrial

&2 F 7o(estic.
'!e In#ian
situation
'!e In#ian
situation

Bra5il

Russia

:!ina

:anada+

=ndonesia

C.S

=ndia

:olu(bia

7e(ocratic
Republic of :ono.
Kewer t!an 1" countries possess >"2 of t!e world3s
available fres! water supply:
'!e In#ian
situation
=ndia receives abundant rains co(pared to ot!er
water scared countries butO
'!is (ap s!ows
!ow (uc! water
t!e =ndian
infrastructure fails
to storeP

=ndian overn(ent is too focused on econo(ic

rowt!+ instead of facilitatin in basic !u(an needs.

Poor water 8anae(ent syste(.

Biofuel t!reatens =ndia water supply.

Packae @ater =ndustries are encouraed.

'!e In#ian
situation
The In#ian
:overn$ent

;ow
%
&)roble
$(
Challen!es
Challen!es
In#'stri
es
Over
eQploitation
Groundwater
depletion Pollutio
n
1and
7eraded
6riculture
Spoiled
Groundwater J Surface water
polluted
$ealt!
=ssues
Challen!es
:overn$
ent

=neRcient Govern(ent 4 State construction

1ack of interated water (anae(ent

=nade-uate enforce(ent of environ(ent leislation

relatin to water

=nsuRcient facilities for waste water treat(ent

=nsuRcient local tec!noloical researc! on water

Challen!es
)'bl
i,

@astin @ater

Pollutin @ater
Challen!es

:li(ate c!ane.

2"2" =ndia will beco(e a water stressed nation.

>> (illion =ndians in 2" states are at risk due to

eQcess *uoride

1" (illion due to eQcess arsenic in roundwater

Out of t!ese >.3 lak! rural sc!ools only ?? 2

!ave water supply facilities

$alf of all =ndian c!ildren are undernouris!ed and

!alf of all adult wo(en su,er fro( anae(ia.
Challen!es

3B.B (illion =ndians are a,ected by waterborne

diseases annually

1.# (illion c!ildren are esti(ated to die of

diarr!oea alone

1D" (illion workin days are lost due to

waterborne disease eac! year

/cono(ic burden is esti(ated at S>"" (illion a

year.

1+&#+D13 !abitations in t!e country are a,ected

by poor water -uality.
Challen!es

=ndia3s rivers carry &"2 of t!e water durin t!e

period fro( June to Tove(ber+ but only 1"2 is
available durin t!e ot!er siQ (ont!s.

Biofuel threatens ndia!s "ater su##ly$

%&% of out of a##ro'imately &(( districts in ndia have

)een declared drou*ht$

+t least ,-. of ndia/s land area is de*raded$

9(. of the se"a*e *enerated )y munici#al councils and
over -(. of se"a*e dischar*ed )y munici#al cor#orations
*oes untreated
Challen!es
Overview o" the $a<or +roble$s4

Drin2in! Water

=nade-uate and inter(ittent supply of drinkin

water

8etallic and bacterial pollution of water

=nade-uate piped water supply in rural areas

and so(e urban slu( areas

1oss of water in trans(ission MdistributionN and

storae

1ack of Unancial resources for i(prove(ents.

Challen!es

6,ect ariculture production

=nsuRcient local tec!noloical researc! on water

1ack of interated water (anae(ent

=nade-uate enforce(ent of environ(ent

leislation relatin to water

1ack of control overFeQploitation of roundwater

resources

=nsuRcient facilities for waste water treat(ent

Challen!es
In#'strial Water

=nade-uate enforce(ent of special

water rei(e for industries
re-uirin considerable a(ounts of
water

=nability of (unicipal water

supply orani5ations to (eet
increasin de(ands of eQistin
and new industries
Challen!es
Cncontrolled eQploitation of round water by so(e
industrial establis!(ents
Safety of industrial establis!(ents fro( surplus
surface water and *oods
1ack of proper drainin facilities
Challen!es
River .a(unaF 9t!e principal drain for Tew 7el!i3s
waste.<
9Residents pour 1#" (illion allons of sewae into t!e
river eac! day.<
9=n Tew 7el!i t!e .a(una itself is clinically dead.<
River GanesF 9River of 7ead Bodies<
Challen!es
Groundwater in Sukinda is believed to be
conta(inated wit! c!ro(iu(. Sukinda+ w!ic! contains
one of t!e larest open cast c!ro(ite ore (ines in t!e
world+ >"2 of t!e drinkin water contains !eQavalent
c!ro(iu(
'!e @orld%s 8ost Polluted Places
M'i(es surveyN
Sukinda+ =ndia
Tu(ber of people potentially a,ected:
2+>""+"""
Si!ns o"
ho+e%
&Sol'tio
n(
Sol'tion
Proress is
8ust+
But
/nviron(ent is
Kirst.
Sol'tion
Solutions to water problems require the consideration
of cultural, educational, communication and scientifc
aspects.
)lant Trees
Avoi# )oll'tion
Conserve water
Te,hnolo!ies an# Innovations
@ater PuriUcation Syste(s
Seawater desalination
@ater Kootprint
Sol'tion
'!e (uc!Fawaited seawater #esalination plant+ t!e larest in
t!e country wit! a capacity of 1"" 817 M(illion litres per dayN+
co(in up near 8in)ur about 3# k( nort! of :!ennai .
Cnder t!e tec!noloy+ developed by t!e Tational =nstitute of
Ocean 'ec!noloy MT=O'N+ war( water is pu(ped into a vacuu(
*as! c!a(ber and t!e resultant vapour is condensed usin cold
water to et crystal clear potable water.
7esalinated water is of a better -uality and t!e cost is only >
paise per litre.
Sol'tion
Water Footprint
'o (anae t!e water consu(ption better.
6 water footprint (easures t!e total
a(ount of water it takes for a co(pany to
(anufacture and transport a product+ or for
a city+ country+ or business to operate.

:alculatin water footprints can !elp

businesses and co((unities better
understand and prepare for t!e i(pacts of
lobal water scarcity+ accordin to eQperts.

Suc! data allows co(panies to identify

potential water savins and plan for future
s!ortaes
Sol'tion

Rain Water ;arvestin!

Irri!ation Water Mana!e$ent

;y#rolo!i,al +ro<e,ts > Constr',tion o" Da$s

Arti?,ial Re,har!e to :ro'n# Water thro'!h

D'! well
Sol'tion
National River
Lin2in! )ro<e,t
Sol'tion
Try to do one thin* each day that "ill result in savin* "ater$ 0on/t "orry if the savin*s
are minimal every dro# counts1 2ou can ma3e a difference$
Remem)er to use only the amount you actually need$
4orm a *rou# of "ater5conscious #eo#le and encoura*e your friends and nei*h)ors
to )e #art of this *rou#$ Promote "ater conservation in community ne"sletters and
on )ulletin )oards$
Encoura*e your friends, nei*h)ors and co5"or3ers to also contri)ute$
Encoura*e your family to 3ee# loo3in* for ne" "ays to conserve "ater in and around
your home$
6a3e sure that your home is lea35free$ 6any homes have lea3in* #i#es that *o
unnoticed$
0o not leave the ta# runnin* "hile you are )rushin* your teeth or soa#in* your face$
Sol'tion
+void flushin* the toilet unnecessarily$ Put a )ric3 or any other device that occu#ies
s#ace to cut do"n on the amount of "ater needed for each flush$
7hen "ashin* the car, use "ater from a )uc3et and not a hose#i#e$
0o not thro" a"ay "ater that has )een used for "ashin* ve*eta)les, rice or dals$
8se it to "ater #lants or to clean the floors, etc
2ou can store "ater in a variety of "ays$ + sim#le method is to #lace a drum on a
raised #latform directly under the rain"ater collection source$ 2ou can also collect
"ater in a )uc3et durin* the rainy season$
0onate fund for on*oin* #ro9ects$
Sol'tion
7ater a"areness *rou#s amon* social media net"or3in* sites li3e T"itter, 4ace)oo3
are creatin* ne" trend amon* the social a"areness *rou#s$
7e) :$( conce#t hel#s to )rid*e *a# )et"een the #eo#le ; more interactive
By doin* this "ater #ro9ect, have learned more a)out savin* a dro# of "ater rather
usin* "ord#ress
ts not a solution to )e found, it should )e a RESOLUTION everyone should ta3e$
Sol'tion
s+vE "+tEr
Sa<e 7oRl0
Than2 @o'%