DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING DESIGN

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY - COIMBATORE - 13

CANDIDATE:
P. KARTHICK
1272110
GUIDED BY:
Dr. K.S.AMIRTHAGADESWARAN, PME.


Project Work Phase - I
Final Presentation
ENGG.
DESIGN
DESIGN MODIFICATION AND ANALYZING
THE INFLUENCE OF CRITICAL
PARAMETERS IN PERFORMANCE OF A
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Objective of the Work
To redesign the geometric characteristics of the
open - well centrifugal pump for improving the
overall efficiency.
In this work, an attempt has been made to
enhance the performance of a typical centrifugal
pump from a leading pump manufacturing
company.
There are many parameters that influence the
efficient functioning of a centrifugal pump. By
varying the parameters based on proven research
findings, the performance of the system can be
improved.
Industry Profile
Industry : Best Engineers Pumps Private Limited

Location : Velandipalayam, Coimbatore

Literature Review
E. C. Bacharoudis, A.E. Filios, M. D. Mentzos and
D. P. Margaris in 2008, made a parametric study of a
centrifugal pump by varying the outlet blade angle of
the impeller. By using computational fluid dynamics
(CFD), the pump design is facilitated and the complex
internal flows in water pump impellers were
predicted.
S.Rajendran and Dr.K.Purushothaman in 2012,
made a study to analyse the flow in the impeller of a
centrifugal pump. The analysis of centrifugal pump
impeller design was carried out using ANSYS-CFX.
The complex internal flows in Centrifugal pump
impellers were predicted through ANSYS-CFX.

Contd
Massinissa Djerroud, Guyh Dituba Ngoma, and
Walid Ghie in 2011, performed a numerical analysis
of key design parameters that enhanced the centrifugal
pump performance. The numerical investigation of the
effects of the pertinent design parameters, including
the blade number, the outlet blade angle, the blade
width, and the impeller diameter, centrifugal pump
was analysed.
S.Chakraborty and K.M.Pandey in 2011, have
numerically studied the effects of blade number. The
performance of impellers with the same outlet
diameter having different blade numbers for
centrifugal pumps was thoroughly evaluated.

Methodology
The significant cost and time of the trial-and-
error process by constructing and testing
physical prototypes reduces the profit margins
of the pump manufacturers. For this reason CFD
analysis is currently being used in the design
and construction stage of various pump types.
CAD modelling and CFD analysis are useful
tools that reduce a considerable time that is
usually lost in physical testing. CAD aids in
constructing the geometrical profile on a
computer and CFD analysis provides the
necessary virtual simulation without using any
physical effort.


Pump Specifications
Pump Specification Parameters
Type Open well (5BC6)
Motor Rating 3.7 kW / 5 HP
Voltage 415 V
Pipe Size 40 mm
Rated Speed 2800 rpm
Total head 42 m
Discharge 4 lps
Overall Efficiency 32.2 %
Problem Definition
An impeller of a 5 HP open - well centrifugal
pump is studied to predict the pressure, velocity
distributions and efficiency by altering crucial
key parameters in the impeller.
Initially the standard impeller was modelled by
Solidworks 2013 and analysed using ANSYS
CFX to identify the deviation of CFD results
from the standard practical value. The impeller
is then studied by modifying the critical
parameters.

Impeller Specifications
Description Value
Blade Width 9 mm
Inlet diameter 50 mm
Outlet diameter 189 mm
Outlet Blade Angle 1648
Number of Blades 4
Blade Geometry
Here backward curved blades are used for the
impeller design.
The outlet blade angle for these blades is
(<90).
The pressure head(H) decreases with increase in
discharge(Q) in the case of backward curved
blades.
Power consumption is stabilizes with the flow.


Graph
P Power Supply
H Head
Q - Discharge

Design Modification Process in
Solidworks
Solidworks provides many powerful modeling and
design-tools, and there are many different
approaches to accomplishing modeling tasks. The
modeling process are :
1. Create a rough two-dimensional sketch of the
basic shape of the base feature of the design.
2. Apply/modify geometric relations and
dimensions to the two-dimensional sketch.
3. Extrude, revolve, or sweep the two-dimensional
sketch to create the base solid feature of the
design.

Contd
4. Add additional parametric features by
identifying feature relations and complete the
design.
5. Perform analyses on the computer model and
refine the design as needed.
6. Create the desired drawing views to document
the design.

3D - Geometrical Model of
Standard Impeller
Crucial Design Parameters in the
Impeller
To achieve better performance for a
centrifugal pump, one has to accurately determine
the following parameters in the impeller
Number of blades
The outlet blade angle
The blade width
Impeller Modeling by Increasing
the Number of Blades
With increase of blade number, the head and the
static pressure of the model increases.
The pump head is increased with the augmented
blade number by the decrease in the liquid
pressure drop in the flow passage.
If blade number is too more, the crowding effect
phenomenon happens in the impeller.

2D Model (Increase in Number
of Blades)
5 Blades
6 Blades
Impeller Modeling by Varying
the Outlet Blade Angle
The pump head increases with increasing the
outlet blade angle.
This can be explained by the increased outlet
cross - section size relative to the increased
outlet blade angle , thus leading to decrease of
liquid pressure drop in flow passage between
blades.
Increase in blade outlet angle also leads to the
maintaining of adequate efficiency with various
discharge in the pump.

2D Model (Blade Outlet Angle -
18 & 20)
Outlet Blade Angle -
18
Outlet Blade Angle -
20
Impeller Modeling with Varying
the Blade Width
The pump head decreases with increasing the
blade width.
This is due to augmenting the liquid pressure
drop with increasing blade width.
The overall efficiency get lowered with the
increased blade width.

Graph
Graph indicating that the head rapidly decreasing with
the increase of blade width
2D Model (Blade Width - 8.0 &
8.5mm)
8.5mm Blade
Width
8.0mm Blade
Width
Results and Discussion
The standard impeller model and the six models
designed by Solidworks 2013 were analyzed
virtually by ANSYS - CFX, a CFD Software
package. In ANSYS - CFX software, results are
obtained in the Workbench platform.
As convergence is an iterative process,
successive iterations were performed by the
CFX solver to obtain the head, pressure
distribution, velocity distribution and efficiency
from the power.
Steps Involved in ANSYS for the
CFD
The created model in the Solidworks is to be
imported to the ANSYS Workbench.
In the Workbench platform, we choose the CFX
analyzing system for the flow simulation
process. Four steps in the CFX analyzing system
for the simulation
1. CFX Pre
2. CFX Solver
3. CFX Solver Manager
4. CFX - Post

Results

Standard model of the Impeller






Input in the Macro Calculator for Standard Model of the Impeller
Pressure & Velocity Distribution of
Standard Model
Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the standard impeller model is
obtained as 31m from the CFD analysis.
The total head obtained from the analysis is
nearly same as the total head of the standard
impeller given by the pump company.
With the pressure and the velocity distribution
diagrams, the change in the pressure and
velocity from inlet to the outlet through the
blades of the impeller has been explained.
Contd
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 43.6% and the mechanical efficiency is
63.1%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 27.5%.
Error percentage in Overall Efficiency:
Given value = 32.2%
CFX Solver value = 27.5%
Error% = (0.322 - 0.275/ 0.322) = 0.146 (15%)


MODEL 1 Modification in
Blade Number (5 Blades)
Pressure & Velocity Distribution of
the Modified Impeller Model 5
Blades

Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 39.54m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 55.6% and the mechanical efficiency is
66.1%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 36.7%.

Modified Impeller with 6 blades
Pressure & Velocity Distribution of
the Modified Impeller Model 6
Blades
Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 41.1m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 57.8% and the mechanical efficiency is
73.1%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 42.2%.


MODEL 2 Modification in Blade
Width
Modified Impeller with 8.5mm Blade
Width (Pressure & Velocity Distribution)

Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 32.17m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 45.3% and the mechanical efficiency is
75.5%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 34.2%.

Modified Impeller with 8.0mm
Blade Width
(Pressure & Velocity Distribution)
Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 33.42m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 47% and the mechanical efficiency is
76.9%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 36.2%.

MODEL 3 Modification in Outlet
Blade Angle
Modified Impeller with 18 Outlet Blade
Angle(Pressure & Velocity Distribution)

Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 32m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 45% and the mechanical efficiency is
69.6%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 31.3%.

Modified Impeller with 20
Outlet Blade Angle
(Pressure & Velocity Distribution)
Iteration & CFX Solver Result
Result
The total head of the modified impeller is
obtained as 32.4m from the CFD analysis.
The manometric efficiency from the obtained
head is 45.6% and the mechanical efficiency is
77.7%.
By calculation, the overall efficiency is found to
be 35.4%.

Discussion
The six models were analyzed by ANSYS -
CFX. All the considered critical parameters
were noted as the key parameters that improved
the performance of the impeller.
Head generally increases with increase in
mechanical efficiency. Obtained head results in
increase of the overall efficiency compared to
the standard impeller.

Conclusion
The models were designed by varying the
parameters, based on literature survey, that
influence the efficient functioning of a
centrifugal pump. The models were constructed
using SolidWorks 2013 software and analyzed
in ANSYS - CFX, CFD software.
The results obtained from the models showed a
reasonable increase in the head with the increase
of overall efficiency. The complex internal flow
in impeller has been predicted through ANSYS
CFX and the results are presented.

References
E. C. Bacharoudis, A. E. Filios, M. D. Mentzos
and D. P. Margaris, Parametric Study of a
Centrifugal Pump Impeller by Varying the
Outlet Blade Angle, The Open Mechanical
Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 75 83.
S. Chakraborty and K. M. Pandey, Numerical
Studies on Effects of Blade Number
Variations on Performance of Centrifugal
Pumps at 4000 RPM, IACSIT.
Contd
Massinissa Djerroud, Guyh Dituba Ngoma, and
Walid Ghie, Numerical Identification of Key
Design Parameters Enhancing the Centrifugal
Pump Performance: Impeller, Impeller
Volute and Impeller - Diffuser, ISRN
Mechanical Engineering, Volume 2011.
S.Rajendran and Dr.K.Purushothaman, Analysis
of a centrifugal pump impeller using ANSYS
CFX, International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol.01, Issue 3,
May - 2012.




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