Essential reading:

SPINI, A., PRITCHARD, B., An English Textbook For

Marine Engineers 2, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2009.
LUZER, J., SPINI, A., Gramatika vjebenica engleskog
jezika za pomorce, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2003.
Tomislav Skrai, MA
Undergraduate English
Course for
MARINE ENGINEERS
3rd Semester
Lesson 2
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
KEY WORDS

crankshaft (n.) - koljenasto vratilo / osovina, radilica
main bearing - glavni / temeljni leaj
shaft alignment - centriranje osovine
reciprocating motion - stapno gibanje
at a top center - u gornjoj mrtvoj toki
bending stress - naprezanje zbog savijanja
connecting rod thrust - potisak ojnice
crankpin (n.) - oslonac koljena, osovina leteeg leaja
adjacent bearing - pokrajnji leaj, "odrivni" leaj, "thrust" bearing
torsional forces - torzijske / zaokretne sile
semi-built design - izraen od vie dijelova
crank web (n.) - 'pruti' za uravnoteenje
forge (v.) - kovati
solid-forged - izraen u jednom dijelu
cast (v.) - lijevati
Lesson 2
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
KEY WORDS

shrink on to (v.) - navui u toplom stanju
crank journal - oslonac temeljnog leaja
journal (n.) - blazinica, leajna aa (materijal koji se troi)
journal bearing - letei leaj
carbon steel - ugljini elik (FeC)
alloy steel - legura elika
nickel - nikal chromium - krom molybdenum - molibden (Mo)
crank (n.) - koljeno vratila
multi-throw shaft - osovina s vie koljena,
viecilindarska koljenasta osovina
firing order - redoslijed paljenja
torque (n.) - zakretni moment
torque wrench - moment-klju
load (n.) - optereenje
exhaust arrangement - ispuni sustav / raspored ispuha
Lesson 2
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
KEY WORDS

misalignment (n.) - loe centriranje, nepoklapanje osi
bearing shell - blaznica temeljnog leaja / kouljica leaja
lining (n.) - obloga, sloj
copper-lead - bakar-olovo
aluminium-tin alloy - legura aluminija i kositra
flash (n.) - sloj obloge
lead (n.) - olovo indium - indij
seating (n.) - sjedite, postolje
transverse sadles - popreni nosai
thrust bolts - vijci temeljnog leaja preoptereeni na tlak
shim (n.) - podlona ploica
bearing play - zranost leaja
pressure lubricated - tlano podmazivane
tie rod - kotveni vijak
tensioned - stegnut
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
DEFINITION OF A CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft converts reciprocating motion in the
cylinder into rotary motion of the propeller shaft.

PARTS
The crankshaft is made up of throws and journals. A throw
consists a pin (secured or attached to big / bottom end
bearings) and two webs or cranks. Journals rest or lie in
the main bearings.

STRESSES (fluctuating)
Bending (when the piston is at TDC);
Sheer stress (in operation);
Torsion (due to speed change)
Crankshaft
MANUFACTURING
Solid forged built in a single piece (small-slow speed
engines)
Semi-built design (large medium-speed engines).
Crankpins & webs are forged or cast in one piece and
shrunk on to the journals.
Fully-built (cast in single piece webs are shrunk on
to the crankpins and journals).
Crankshaft
MATERIALS

Carbon steel
Alloy of nickel, chromium & molibdenum
Specialy alloyed grey cast steel
The crankshaft, which converts the
reciprocating motion of the piston to rotating
motion, must resist the bending stresses
caused by the connecting rod thrust when the
piston is at the top dead centre.
Then the maximum gas pressure acts straight
down on the crankpin and tends to bend the
shaft between the adjacent bearings. The
crankshaft must also withstand the torsional
forces produced by the change of speed.
Exercise 1 - Read the following text:
The crankshaft converts ... ... to .... ....
It must resist the bending stresses caused by
the connecting rod thrust when ... ... .
Then the maximum gas pressure acts straight
down on the crankpin and tends to ... ....
The crankshaft must also withstand the ... ....
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences:
Medium speed engines have crankshaft usually
solid forged, i.e. made from a single piece, while
slow speed engine crankshafts are mostly of
semi-built design with crankpins and webs
forged or cast in one piece and shrunk on to the
journals. The type of steel used, which is carbon
or alloy steel containing nickel, chromium and
molybdenum, is chosen for its strength,
resistance to fatigue and hardness of bearing
surface.

Exercise 2 Read the text:
Medium speed engines have crankshaft usually
solid forged, i.e. made ... ...
Slow speed engine crankshafts are mostly of
semi-built design with ... ...
They are ... or ... in one piece and ... on to the
journals.
The type of steel used for crakshafts is ... ...
It contains nickel, ... and must be resistant to ...
Exercise 2 Complete the sentences:
The cranks of a multi-throw shaft are set at
appropriate angles giving a firing order for
the engine. The firing order is chosen primarily
to obtain a smooth torque and the best
mechanical balance. However, main bearings
loads, exhaust arrangements suitable for
turbocharging and torsional vibration may also
be taken into account. Although the crankshaft
appears to be robust, they rely on the main
bearings to develop their full strength.
Exercise 3 Read the text:
cranks of a multi-throw shaft are set at appropriate
angles giving ... ...
The firing order is chosen primarily to obtain ... ...
and ... ...
However, we must also take ito account:
... loads,
exhaust arrangements suitable for ... and
... ...
Crankshaft rely on the ... ... to develop their full
strength.
Exercise 3 Complete the sentences:
1. State the function of the crankshaft.
2. What forces is a crankshaft subjected to?
3. What kind of crankshafts are used in: a) Medium
speed diesel
4. Slow speed diesel
5. 4. What does the choice of steel type for crankshaft
depend on?
6. What is the firing order?
7. What else is taken into consideration in designing a
crankshaft?
Crankshaft, Main Bearings and Shaft Alignment
Questions & Discussion