INTRODUCTION TO BROADBAND

Networking Basics

Overview Of NIB

Broadband Network

Installations Overview
NETWORKING BASICS
Computer Network

Computer network connects
two or more autonomous
computers.

The computers can be
geographically located
anywhere.
Types of Networks
LAN, MAN, WAN

Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building
or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)

Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network)

Network spread geographically (Country or across
Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

LAN - MAN
WAN
Network Topology
Network Architecture
Peer-to-peer network
Network Architecture
Server-based network
Network Architecture
Client-based network
Network Hardware
Network Interface Card
Ethernet NICs
10/100 NICs
100/100/1000 NICs
Network Hardware
HUB
Hubs or repeaters
Network Hardware
SWITCH

Types : L2 Switches, L3 Switches

Network Hardware
REPEATERS
Network Hardware
Bridge
Network Hardware
ROUTER
Connect two or more networks
Forward data packets between
Decision taking Device
Network Hardware
Gateways
A gateway is like a super-intelligent router.
Gateways are designed to connect radically
different networks.
Slower than a bridge or router
Perform complex functions such as interpreting both
protocol and bandwidth conversion
Example - Messaging gateway, which converts
messages between different protocols.



18
Overview of NIB
19
20
A1 + A2 + A3
POPs
IP MPLS Core Network
STM - 16 Link
Cisco 12416 Router
Delhi
Kolkatta
Chennai
Bangalore
Mumbai
Lucknow
Patna
Core A3
Core A2
Core A3
Jullunder
Jaipur
Ahmedabad
Ernakulam
Mangalore
Core A3
Indore
Pune
Core (P)
Core A2 Cisco 12410 Router
Core A3 Cisco 12410 Router
Hyderabad
Core A3
Core A3
Core A1
Core A3
Core A1
Core A1
Core A2
Core A1
Core A2
Core A1
21
A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 POPs
IP MPLS Core Network
STM - 16 Link
Cisco 12416 Router
Delhi
Kolkatta
Chennai
Bangalore
Mumbai
Lucknow
Patna
Core A3
Core A2
Core A3
Jullunder
Jaipur
Ahmedabad
Ernakulam
Mangalore
Core A3
Indore
Pune
Core (P)
Core A2 Cisco 12410 Router
Core A3 Cisco 12410 Router
Bhubaneshwar
Coimbatore
Hyderabad
Core A4
Core A4
Core A4
Core A4
Ranchi
Guwahati
Core A3
Core A3
Core A4
Allahabad
Core A1
Core A4
Core A3
Core A1
Core A4
Core A1
Core A2
Core A4
Nagpur
Chandigarh
Core A1
Core A4
Raipur
Core A2
Core A4
Vijayawada
Core A4 Juniper M40e Router
Core A1
STM - 1 Link
Layer-2 Edge Network (Customer Interface)

22
Edge routers in 71 cities connected to the core layer either
locally through the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces or remotely
through dual homed STM-1 links.
A1 Cities- Chennai ,Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi and
Kolkata.
A2 Cities- Hyderabad, Pune and Ahmedabad.
A3 Cities- Lucknow, Jullundhar, Jaipur, Indore, Ernakulam
and patna.
A4 Cities- Coimbatore, Chandigarh, Allahabad, Guwahati,
Ranchi,Bhubaneshwar, Raipur, Mangalore,
Nagpur and Vijayawada.
B1 Cities- 21nodes (Vizag in A.P.)
B2 Cities- 26nodes (Rajamundry, Tirupati in A.P.)


Devices in A1 Cities:
Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613
Core Router ------------ Cisco12416

23
Devices in A2 & A3 Cities:
Core Router ------------ Cisco12410
Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613

Devices in A4 Cities:
Core Router ------------ Juniper M40
Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613

Devices in B1&B2 Cities:
Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613
24
Core A1
P Router
Remote
PE
Remote
PE
Remote
PE
B1/B2 PE
B1/B2 PE
B1/B2 PE
IDC
Edge
PE (M40e)
Local
PE(IPTAX)
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
GE
L4-L7 Sw
Intl GW
F
E

L
i
n
k

NIB I
RAS RAS
IXP
FE Link
L3 Switch
NIB-1 POP
MPLS

IP Network
Area 0
Interne
t
BRAS
GE
GE
Customer
Edge
FE link
GE link
STM-1 Link
STM-16
BSNL NIB-2 Project1 Connectivity for A1 Cities (Chennai,Mumbai)

GE
GE
RR
25
NIB-II Node Layout for B1 & B2 cities
Edge
router
RAS
Network
Interface (STM-1)
FE
E1s
To PSTN
exchanges
NIB - I
router
To leased line
customers
Security Solution
AntiVirus Solution

Notification

Network Intrusion detection System

Control System

Self-protection
Resource protection
Rights delegation
Program Controls
26
27
NIB - II DSL Broadband deployment
BB
Broadband
RAS
480 Port
DSLAM
SDH RING
Layer 2 GigE
Aggregation
SW
GigE
GigE
GigE
LAN Switch
NOTE: Items indicated in dotted
line boxes are not part of Project 2.2
Core
router
Gig E & FE
FE
FE
FE
B1 city B2 city
120 Port
DSLAM
48 Port
DSLAM
ADSL
terminals
ADSL terminals
ADSL
terminals
FE
64 Port
DSLAM
GE
240 Port
DSLAM
ADSL
terminals
FE
24 Port
DSLAM
FE
Content
Server
SSSS
FE
28
Security Solution
AntiVirus Solution

Notification

Network Intrusion detection System

Control System

Self-protection
Resource protection
Rights delegation
Program Controls
29


Network structure of BB
Broadband = High Speed, High Capacity Data
Communication

Technologies -

DSL,
Cable Modem,
Ethernet,
Fixed Wireless Access,
Optical Fiber,
W-LAN,
V-SAT


Broadband Technologies
Broadband Technologies
Existing infrastructure
DSL over Copper loop
Cable Modem over Cable TV network
Power Line Broadband Access
New Infrastructure
Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)
Wireless Infrastructure
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)
Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) (802.11)
V-SAT
IMT-2000 (3G Mobile)
High speed WLL
xDSL
Digital Subscriber Line
Copper Loop Technology
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Modem-like technology

Allows transmission of voice, video and
data over existing Copper telephone lines
at Megabit Speeds.

Copper Lines - Local loop or the last
mile from the Exchanges.
What is DSL?
DSL comes in several different varieties, which are
known collectively as xDSL.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)
HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
TYPES OF DSL
Comparison of xDSL Systems
System

Bandwidth

Up stream

Down Stream

ADSL

16-640kbps

2-9 Mbps

HDSL

2-9 Mbps

2-9 Mbps

SDSL

2-9 Mbps

2-9 Mbps

VDSL

2-9 Mbps

13-53 Mbps

RADSL

128kbps-1 Mbps

600kbps-7 Mbps

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - Uses
G.dmt
Up to 8 Mbps bandwidth downstream and up to
1 Mbps upstream.
Asymmetrical - Ideal for Internet/Intranet surfing,
video-on-demand and remote local area network
(LAN) access.
Typically Download is more than Upload.
What is ADSL ?
ADSL DMT Modulation
Upstream
Frequency (KHz)
Downstream Voice
0
4
256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of
4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.
Each sub carrier can support maximum
15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise
Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken
How many bits that particular sub carrier can
Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz
Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
25
138 139
N
o

o
f

B
i
t
s

15
1104
6 37
16
69 kHz
Upstream
Pilot Tone
64
276 kHz
Downstream
Pilot Tone
38
255
Splitter To Separate Voice and Data

Enables the Voice and Data simultaneously.

Full rate ADSL - Maximum range of 18,000 feet (about
3.4 miles, or 5.5 km) from the telecommunication
provider company's central office to the end-user.

What is ADSL ?
Benefits of ADSL
Always on

Simultaneous Usage of Phone and Internet.

Speed Upto 9 Mbps

Dedicated Connection.

Connection is highly Secure, compared to shared-
media Cable Modem.
Broadband Components
DSL CPEs
DSL AM
LAN Switches : Tier-1 & Tier-2
BRAS
RADIUS and LDAP
SSSS
Provisioning System
Internet
TIER-1
TIER-2
DSLAM
CPE
BRAS
SSSS
MULTIMODE FIBER
SINGLEMODE FIBER
UTP Cable
EMS
SSSC
CISCO S/W
PMS
TIER-2
DSLAM
CPE
Broadband Network Interconnectivity Network elements
BSNL Broadband
MDF
CPE
LE
DSLAM
Splitter
Telephone
PC
230V
TV
STB
OFC
Typical Connectivity
from DSLAM
DSLAM
Splitter
ADSL eqpt.
Telephone
21
Broadband Access using ADSL
INTERNET
PSTN
Router
DSLAM
CONTENT
PROVIDER
VIDEO ON
DEMAND SERVER
VIDEO ON
DEMAND SERVER
PHONE
INTERNET ACCESS
VIDEO ACCESS
ATM
SW
DSLAM
MA5300
MA5105
DSLAM
DSLAM: DSL Access Multiplexer.

- Built in splitter

- Voice - Normal conventional path through exchange

- Data is aggregated and up linked through
Ethernet Port
(Gigabit Ethernet for 480 port and
Fast Ethernet for lower DSLAM)
TIER 1 and TIER 2 SWITCH
T 1 Switch
S8016
T 2 Switch
S6506R
Tier 1 Switch
SFC : Switching Fabric Cards
Data switching & clock
1:1 Hot backup
E4GC : 4 nos.of GE optical
ports in each cards
: 7 nos. of such cards
EGFT : 16 nos.of FE optical
ports in each cards
: 2 nos. of such cards
Broadband RAS
SFU :
Service Forwarding Unit
- Interface Card in slot 1&2 nos.
each with 2 nos. of GE ports
( Tx 0dB; Rx 25dB )
- Service Processing Unit (SPU )
in slot 3

SPU :
System Processing Unit card in
slot 3

SMU :
Service Management Unit 2 nos.
( 1+1 ) hot standby in slot 9&10

Power supply
50v, D.C. 1000W
BRAS
Supports termination of DSL customers.
Allotment of IP address to customer
Bandwidth control using rate limiting
Act as an edge router for terminating VPN
traffic.
Protocols: OSPF, BGP, MP-BGP and LDP
Supports Lawful interception and
monitoring
BRAS Architecture
Deployed at the edge of the NIB-II network
Installed in all the A sites (except Mumbai).
Total 23
Capacity of 8 Gbps (in A1 sites) and 4 Gbps
(in other A sites)
Can handle 480000 concurrent sessions (A1
sites)

Broadband by BSNL
480
BRAS
Tier 1
Tier 2
(Durgapur)
DSLAM
240 120 64
GE
FE
CPE
Cu
C Internet
Satellite TV
VoD server
1 11
GE FE FE
GE GE GE
Cu Cu Cu
GE
TX room
Switch room
STM Ring
FE
64
FE
Cu
FE
MKR
CHD
MHS
HDP
TIER-1 & TIER-2 LAN SWITCH CONNECTIVITY OF PUNE

A2+A3 Nodes - 9
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
GE
Interface
GE
Interface
GE
Interface
GE
Interface
Tier-1 LAN
Switch MKR
TIER-2
SWITCH
TIER-2
SWITCH
TIER-2
SWITCH
TIER-2
SWITCH
<40km
<40km
<40km
<40km
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
ADH
YRD
DKD
MHS
MHS
CTO
TIER-2(MHS) & DSLAM CONNECTIVITY OF PUNE
A2+A3 Nodes - 9
Si Si
FE
Interface
FE
Interface
FE
Interface
FE
Interface
TIER-2
SWITCH
MHS(480 P)
Bhawani Peth(480 P)
CTY (480 P)
CANT(480 P)
DARK FIBER
<10km
ETH OVER SDH
56
Installations Overview
Customer Premises Installation
Splitter ADSL
RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 11
RJ 11
RJ 45
Line
Single User with
Voice and Data
Splitter
ADSL
STB
RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 11 RJ 45 RJ 45
RJ 45
AV Port
Single User with
Voice, Data and Video
Line RJ 11
Splitter ADSL
Switch
Multi user Business
Customer
Line
RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 11
RJ 45
highpass
filter
LINE DSL
lowpass
filter
TELE
Circuit Diagram of A POTS Splitter
Splitter
Separates the 300 Hz to 3500 Hz
voice channel from upstream and
downstream channels
Consists of a lowpass filter (LPF) for
POTS and a highpass filter (HPF) for
upstream/downstream channels
Passive device
Contains lighting protection circuitry
CPE Installation
BRAS
CPE
PPPoE Session
T2 Switch
T1 Switch
Bridge Mode
DSLAM
IP Address is allocated
to PC By BRAS
Router Mode
BRAS
CPE
PPPoE Session
T2 Switch
T1 Switch
IP Address is
allocated to CPE
By BRAS
IP Address is
allocated
to PC By CPE
NAT
DSLAM
Multi User Customer
BRAS
CPE
T2 Switch
T1 Switch
Bridge Mode
DSLAM
IP Address is allocated
to PCs By BRAS
Multi User Customer
I f a user is allowed to login multiple sessions with
BRAS with same password, every machine establishes
a separate PPPoE Session with BRAS. Every machine
Gets full bandwidth for that account provided CPE -
DSLAM Link supports that.
Switch
ADSL Port on DSLAM Should
allow that many MAC addresses
CYBER CAFE
Router Mode
BRAS
CPE
T2 Switch
T1 Switch
DSLAM
IP Address is allocated
to PCs By CPE
Multi User Customer
I n this mode PPPoE is configured on CPE and only
One session is established between CPE and BRAS.
CPE gets I P Address from BRAS. DHCP in CPE
Allocates I P addresses to machines. I n this case all
The machines share the bandwidth allowed for that
Account. CPE has to do NAT also.
Switch
PPPoE Session
NAT
Summary
Networking Basics

Overview Of NIB

Broadband Network

Installations Overview