Effects of Heat Energy

Pages 118 to 125

Think, pair, share
Why you think that
there are gaps in
between the railway
track?
Objectives 1
State the forces of expansion and contraction in
solids
State examples and applications of heat energy in
solids

Heat Energy
Objects heated Size increase, EXPANSION
Objects cooled Size decrease, CONTRACTION
Expansion and contraction occurs in all 3 states of
matter solid, liquid and gas
Effect of heat energy - Solid
Expansion and contraction of solids are
so small
Different metals expand and contract at
different times and by different amounts
Examples
Railway tracks will expand on hot days if no
gap very dangerous, train can derail and
endanger passengers
Bridges have fitted rollers to allow for
expansion and contraction, allow bridge to
slide over them smoothly when expanded
Overhead cables and telephone lines expand
during hot and contract and become taut on
cold days. Hang loosely.
Effect of heat energy - Solid
Examples
Concrete surfaces such as road
and paths expand when heated,
small gaps found every few
meters in the concrete roads and
paths
Pipes carrying water or steam are
looped at intervals to allow for
expansion. If not the pipes will
burst
Applications of heat energy - Solid
Rivets are used to join two steel
plates together. Hot rivet is
driven through the hole in the
plates. One end of the rivet is
hammered to form a new rivet
head. When cool, the rivet will
contract and held the two plates
tightly together
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks
3bitesize/science/chemistry/parti
cle_model_5.shtml
Applications of heat energy - Solid
Bimetallic strips made up of two different metal, steel/iron
and brass
Hotter bend downwards, colder bend upwards
Both metals expand and contract by different amounts.
Brass expands and contracts more than steel


Applications of heat energy - Solid
Bimetallic strips is use in
thermostats in refrigerators,
ovens, irons and heaters
Regulate the temperature of
these appliances
It is also used in fire alarms,
when the strip gets hot, it bends
and completes an electrical
circuit. A bell in the circuit rings
to warn of a fire
Review Questions
Do Checkpoint Question 1 pg 120
Do Inquiry time Question 1 pg 121
Do Checkpoint Question 2 pg 122
Objectives 2
State the forces of expansion and contraction in
liquids
State examples and applications of heat energy in
liquids

Effect of heat energy - Liquid
Almost all liquids
expand when heated
and contract when
cooled
Drink factories need to
allow space when
filling up their bottles
or cans
No allowance will
caused the bottles or
cans to burst
Application of heat energy - Liquid
Liquid in glass thermometer
Mercury or alcohol
thermometers
Thermometer is filled with
mercury or alcohol in the
bulb
When in contact with cold
substances mercury/alcohol
will contract and the
mercury/alcohol thread will
drop
When in contact with hot
substances mercury/alcohol
will expand and causing the
mercury/alcohol thread to rise
Unique quality of water
Water expand when it is
being cooled from 4C to
0C
Starts to contract when
heated from 0C to 4C
It reaches its minimum
volume and maximum
density at 4C

Objectives 3
State the forces of expansion and contraction in gases
State examples and applications of heat energy in
gases

Effect of heat energy - Gases
Gases expand when
heated and contract
when cooled
Gases expand and
contract much more
than solids and liquids
of the same volume for
the same change in
temperature
Effect of heat energy - Gases
Example, we should
not pump car tyres to
the maximum pressure
on hot days may
burst
Application of heat energy - Gases
Hot balloon uses the
expansion of gases
Filled with heated air
As volume of air increases
(expansion), the density of
air decreases
Warm air less dense this it
rises and carries the
balloon upwards
Application of heat energy - Gases
Baking bread or cake,
baking powder is added
Carbon dioxide gas is
released from the baking
powder expands
Causing the dough to rise
Review Questions
Do Checkpoint Question 2 pg 120
Do Checkpoint Question 3 pg 122
Objectives 4
Explain using a particulate model for expansion and
contraction
Expansion and Contraction
When substances expand
or contract, the particles
stay the same size
Only the spaces between
the particles changes
The particles in the solid
vibrate more when it is
heated thus take up more
room - EXPANSION
Similar to liquid and
gases when heated

Expansion and Contraction
The particles in solid will
vibrate less when it is
cold thus take up less
space CONTRACTION
Similar to liquid and
gases when cooled


Review Questions (page 125)
Do it now!