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Reinforcing concrete structures deteriorate under attack from external elements such as freeze-thaw damage and erosion. Particular concern today is the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, which is affected mainly through carbonation and chloride attack. Of particular concern today is the alkali silica reaction in the concrete and the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Bars of which are affected by alkalinity of Port land cement concrete.
Reinforcing concrete structures deteriorate under attack from external elements such as freeze-thaw damage and erosion. Particular concern today is the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, which is affected mainly through carbonation and chloride attack. Of particular concern today is the alkali silica reaction in the concrete and the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Bars of which are affected by alkalinity of Port land cement concrete.
Reinforcing concrete structures deteriorate under attack from external elements such as freeze-thaw damage and erosion. Particular concern today is the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, which is affected mainly through carbonation and chloride attack. Of particular concern today is the alkali silica reaction in the concrete and the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Bars of which are affected by alkalinity of Port land cement concrete.
Introduction What is corrosion? Causes of corrosion Materials for repair Repair based on extent of damage Some procedures of repair. Sealing of cracks. Conclusion SCOPE OF SEMINAR Introduction Reinforcing concrete structures deteriorate under attack from various external elements. Particular concern toady is the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, which is affected mainly through carbonation and chloride attack. Corrosion affected RC structures are more prone to cracking, incurring costs of repairs. This gives rise to need for proper repair of structures using the cost effective materials available.
WHAT IS CORROSION? The process of formation of rust over the surface of reinforcing bar and resulting in the depassivation of steel is known as corrosion.
CORROSION PROCESS:
When concrete structure is often exposed to atmosphere, chloride ions from these will slowly penetrate into the concrete, the chloride ions will eventually reach the steel and then accumulate to beyond a certain concentration level, at which the protective film is destroyed and the steel begins to corrode, when oxygen and moisture are present in the steel concrete interface.
CAUSES OF CORROSION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
CARBONATION
CHLORIDE ATTACK CARBONATION
Reduction of pH in cover concrete which causes loss of passive oxide layer
Low pH caused by reaction of Calcium Hydroxide in concrete with atmospheric Carbon Dioxide CHLORIDE ATTACK:
Caused by chlorides breaking up passive oxide layer
The moisture in concrete pores will act as electrolyte, and the area adjacent to concentration of chloride ions on the reinforcement steel will become cathode initiates corrosion. MATERIALS FOR REPAIR Cement/Sand mortars. Polymer Latex. Epoxy Resins. Polyester Resins. STRUCTURAL REPAIRS BASED ON EXTENT OF DAMAGE 1. Repairs to spallen concrete portions (Steel and concrete) Cement based repairs Resin based repairs.
2. Large volume repairs. Poured concrete. Preplaced concrete.
3. Sealing of cracks Cracks with no further movement expected. Cracks with further movement expected
4. Surface coating
1. Repair of a severely corrosion damaged member, where cover Concrete has spallen and reinforcement has been exposed.
Step 1 The repair process is started by cutting away all the loose and deteriorated concrete until the hard core is reached, preferably behind the corroding Reinforcement.
Step 2 All exposed reinforcements must be thoroughly cleaned. Loose rust or any contamination is removed by abrasive blast cleaning
Step 3 Severely corroded steel bars are replaced with new bars of the same type and size, either welded or tied to the existing bars.
Step 4 After the corrosion affected bars are replaced in position, immediately a protective primer is applied.
Step 5 In order to build up the section, either cement based repair or resin based repair is carried out.
Cement based repairs
Step 6 The slurry (bonding coat) is applied to all concrete surfaces to which bond is required and the patching mortar is applied, while the slurry is still tacky.
After the prepared surfaces have been coated with bonding agent or a coating of neat cement slurry, the repair material consisting of 1:3 cement and sand is applied in layers not exceeding 20mm thick.
Resin based repairs
Step 7 As usual, the priming coat is applied over the prepared surfaces. The interval between coats should not be too long, otherwise there will be bond failure. 2. Large volume repair
In case of large volume repair, the member is repaired by using Poured concrete or Preplaced concrete.
Poured concrete
Defective concrete is first removed and loose concrete is chipped away from the face and around the reinforcement.
The reinforcement is protected by applying corrosion inhibiting paint like cement based polymer slurry or a resin based slurry.
Depending on the thickness to be poured, aggregate of maximum 20mm or 10mm size is adopted in the concrete mix, with suitable shrinkage compensating agent.
Preplaced concrete
The technique is best suited for certain types of repair, particularly in under water work. In this method formwork is erected in the normal way but it is first filled with clean specified coarse aggregate. Later cement grout is pumped into the forms from bottom until all the voids are filled as the air or water I vented at the top.
This method offers quality concrete without segregation with minimum during shrinkage. 3. Sealing of cracks
For this, the cause of crack has to be determined. If the cause of the crack is such that it is unlikely to recur, then it can be filled with a rigid material. But, if the crack is caused due to movement and is likely to continue then any attempt to seal the crack against further movement may cause a new crack along the side of the old one.
Repair of cracks where no further movement is expected The procedure for carrying out this type of repair is as follows: Step 1 The crack is thoroughly cleaned using compressed air.
Step 2 Superficial seal is applied over the crack at the surface by using a fast setting polyester resin or a thermoplastic material.
Step 3 Injection is started at the lowest point and when resin reaches the next higher point, the injection gun is moved up to the next and the lower point is sealed. The process is continued until the whole crack gets sealed. Repair of cracks where further movement is expected
When a crack is subjected to continuing movement, it is necessary to reduce the strain in it to reasonable amount. This can be easily done by widening the crack at the surface and sealing it with an elastic material, such as polysulphide rubber.
4. Surface coatings
It is necessary,
After the completion of repair work, to treat both the repaired areas and the rest of the structure with some coatings
To reduce the permeability of concrete, to moisture, carbon dioxide, and other aggressive agents.
To give aesthetic look to the structure by coating the patches. Some of available repairing materials in India by Dr.Fixit
Fig shows the structure where cover concrete has spallen and reinforcement has been exposed.
Fig shows the RC Columns which are affected by corrosion
Fig shows the structures which are affected by corrosion.
Conclusion
RCC Structures are subject to deterioration through different mechanisms. Periodic maintenance of structures is essential. Although many repair materials have been introduced in the construction industry in the recent past, careful judgment should be exercised by the engineers, while selecting them.
The decision should be governed by the results of the insitu testing carried out on the corrosion affected or damaged structure.
REFERENCES Ashwini K. Sinha, 2013, repair & rehabilitation of RCC structures damaged by corrosion, Corrosion & Water Management Consultants, New Delhi. A.M.Neville Properties of Concrete, Fifth Edition, published by Pearson Education Ltd, 2012 Allen.R.T.L , Repair Of Concrete Structures, John Willey & Sons,1994 M.S. Shetty Concrete Technology, Seventh Edition, published by S. Chand publishing, 2010 www.sedigest.in/article/repair-and-rehabilitation- buildings www.civil-resources.blogspot.in/2010/06/repair-of- corrosion-affected-reinforced.html