TRANSMISSION

MEDIUM
PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIUM (PTM)

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIUM (WTM)
PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
(PTM)
We use PTM when we
Connect a PC to a printer using parallel port or
USB port
Connect a PC to the same phone line for
Internet communication (e.g. TMNET
Streamyx)
PCs are connected using twisted-pair cables to
wall sockets in the office.

Cables as a Physical Transmission Medium

3 types of cables : twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable and fibre optic.


TWISTED PAIR CABLE
Common form of transmission medium.
Consist of two wires or conductors
twisted together, each with its own
plastic insulation.
Cancel out electromagnetic interference
that can cause crosstalk, the noise
generated by adjacent pairs.
The most common connector is RJ-45.

The Unshielded Twisted-Pair or UTP is
used in communication. (Four pairs of
colour coded with a plastic outer
jacket.
The shielded Twisted Pair or STP (four
pairs colour coded wrapped in a layer of
metallic braid or foil with plastic outer
jacket.

COAXIAL CABLE (COAX)
Consist of a single cooper wire
surrounded 3 layers.
An insulating material, a woven or
braided metal and a plastic outer
coating.
Use for cable television (CATV)
network wiring.
Consist of a centre inner conductor
of solid or stranded wire enclosed in
an insulating sheath.
Mostly used in connecting to a
device is the BNC connector
(BNC, BNC T, BNC terminator.)

FIBRE OPTIC
Networking medium that uses light
for data transmission.
The intensity of light is increased
and decreased to represent binary
one and zero.
Its core consists of dozens or
hundred of thin strands (optical
fiber) glass or plastic which uses
light to transmit signals.

Used fiber optic connectors (SC,
ST, FC, and MT-RJ).

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION
MEDIUM (WTM)
We use WTM when we
Listen to the radio
talk over to the telephone
use hotspots that have wireless Internet
Access with WiFi technology at restaurant and
airport

Can be categorized into 3 broad groups :
infrared, radio waves, and satellite

INFRARED
Used in devices such as the mouse, wireless
keyboard and printers
IrDA port allowed a wireless keyboard to
communicate with a PC .
Used for short-range communication system that
could not be affected by the use of another system
in the next room.
Infrared signals have high frequencies and cannot
penetrate walls
e.g : use an infrared TV remote control in our
homes will not interfere our neighbors TV remote
control.
The disadvantages are
Cannot be used for long distance
communication
Cannot use outside a building because suns
rays contain infrared waves that can interfere
with communication,

RADIO WAVES
Have the longest wavelength in the
electromagnetic spectrum
Be produce by making electrons vibrate
in an antenna
Useful for multicasting (1 sender, many
receivers)
Examples : AM and FM radio stations,
cordless phones and televisions

The disadvantages is only one antenna
had been transmitted and susceptible to
interference by another antenna that is
sending signals of the same frequency or
band.

SATELLITE
A communication satellite is a space station
that receives microwave signals from an
earth-based station, amplifies(strengthen)
the signals, and broadcasts the signals back
over a wide area to any number of earth-
based stations.
Microwaves are good for transmitting
information from one place to another
because microwave energy can penetrate
haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and
smoke.
Microwaves, used for radar, are just a few
inches long.
This microwave tower can transmit
information like telephone calls and
computer data from one city to another.

http://science.hq.nasa.g
ov/kids/imagers/ems/ra
dio.html