Algae as Bio reactor

GUIDED BY:
MR V.N.LAD
LECTURER CHED

PREPARED BY:
MOHIT NIRANAJNE
(B.TECH IV 7TH SEMESTER)
ROLL NO. U06CH125

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

S. V. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SURAT - 395007
 Algae

 Aquatic plants
 Animals
 Artificial substrates
 Lakes
 Mud and sand
 Rock (internal & surface)
 Saline Lakes & Marshes
 Sewage
 Soil
 Terrestrial plants
 Classification of Algae

Hydrophilic algae:
 Edaphic algae:
 Aerial algae:
Cryophytic algae:
Symbionts or Endophytes:
Endozoic algae
Parasites
Algae are largely classified on
the basis of color

Chlorophytes (green algae)

 Phaeophytes (brown algae)
Rhodophytes (red algae)
Factors consider for growing
of Algae
 water
 Temperature
 Light intensity
 Mixing
 Cultivation of Algae
Cultivation of Algae for CO2
Sequestration
 Cultivation of Algae in Desert
 Cultivation of Algae in Open ponds
Cultivation of Algae in Marine
environment
 Cultivation of Algae in Photobioreactor
 Types of Photobioreactors
 Tubular Reactors
 Horizontal
 Vertical
 Flat Panel Rectors
 Vertical column reactors
 Bubble column reactors
 Air lift reactors
 Stirred Tank Photobioreactors
 Immobilized Bioreactors
 Tubular photobioreactors

 horizontal
vertical
 conical
 inclined
 ADVANTAGES
Large illumination surface area
suitable for outdoor cultures
fairly good biomass productivities
relatively cheap
 LIMITATIONS
 Gradients of pH,
 dissolved oxygen and CO2 along the
tubes,
 fouling, some degree of wall growth,
 requires large land space
 FLATE PLATE RAECTOR

Large illumination surface area,

 suitable for outdoor cultures,
 good for immobilization of algae,
 good light path,
 good biomass productivities,
relatively cheap, easy to clean up, readily
tempered, low oxygen buildup.
 Limitations
 Scale-up require many compartments
and support materials
 difficulty in controlling culture temperature
 some degree of wall growth
 possibility of hydrodynamic stress to
some algal strains
 Vertical-column
photobioreactors

High mass transfer,

 good mixing with low shear stress,
 low energy consumption,
 Limitations
 Small illumination surface area,
 their construction requires sophisticated
materials,
 shear stress to algal cultures,
 decrease of illumination surface area
upon scale-up.
 Algae oil
 Algae oil isTriglyceride molecules

Algae oil extraction :

Physical process
Expression/Expeller press:
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
Chemical process
Hexane Solvent
Soxhlet extraction
Supercritical fluid Extraction
 Products from algae oil
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Hydrogen
Methane
Biomass
Different products with process
Final Product Processes
Biodiesel Oil extraction and Transesterification
Ethanol Fermentation
Methane Anaerobic digestion of biomass; Methanation of syngas
produced from biomass

Hydrogen Triggering biochemical processes in algae; Gasification /

pyrolysis of biomass and processing of resulting syngas.

Heat & Electricity Direct combustion of algal biomass; Gasification of

biomass
Other Gasification/pyrolysis of biomass and processing of
Hydrocarbon Fuels resulting syngas
 Other Uses of Algae
 Fuel source
 Food supplement
 Stabilizing agent
 Fertilizer
 in Pollution control
 Algae s role in medicine (malaria )
Biodiesel from algae oil
Dilution (75 % disel)
Micro-emulsification (short chain alcohol)
Pyrolysis (alkane ,alkene and carboxylic
acid and aromatic compounds)
Transesterification
 Uses of algae leftover
 fertilizer
 sugar replacement
 soap
 animal feed
 pellets for stove
 paper
 dairy
 Algae oil yield
 almost 100 times greater than oilseeds

eg .
Castor gives 1413 lit. oil/hectare
While algae gives 100000 lit oil /hectare
 Why to use algae oil ?

 potential energy source

 vast resource availability
 waste water treatment by algae
 cheaper
 fast growth rate 4 times higher than the
normal crop on land .
 Conclusion
 cheaper and potential energy source
 faster growth rate
 rising price of petrol is indicating to use
biodiesel
 consumes co2
 use of 2.5% area of sea is sufficient to
provide energy to whole world
 already used in the aircraft and it is successful
Leftover can be used as fertilizer
 it can be used in medicine (malaria)
Edible algae as rich source of protein
 can be used to eradicate the malnourishment of
Childs (pill of algae )
 in india ,at kolkata algae oil is produced