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Testing of metals mean to determine the various mechanical properties by testing of metals on different testing machines. All the mechanical tests are divided into following two groups: 1. Destructive tests. 2. Non destructive tests. Destructive tests include tensile test, compression test, impact test, fatigue test, hardness test, creep test etc. Non destructive tests, include visual examination, radiographic test and magnet particle test etc.
Testing of metals mean to determine the various mechanical properties by testing of metals on different testing machines. All the mechanical tests are divided into following two groups: 1. Destructive tests. 2. Non destructive tests. Destructive tests include tensile test, compression test, impact test, fatigue test, hardness test, creep test etc. Non destructive tests, include visual examination, radiographic test and magnet particle test etc.
Testing of metals mean to determine the various mechanical properties by testing of metals on different testing machines. All the mechanical tests are divided into following two groups: 1. Destructive tests. 2. Non destructive tests. Destructive tests include tensile test, compression test, impact test, fatigue test, hardness test, creep test etc. Non destructive tests, include visual examination, radiographic test and magnet particle test etc.
Batch 08 Institute Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology Nawabshah. Testing of Metals Contents Introduction Types of Mechanical Tests Tensile Test Stress Strain Diagram of Mild Steel Comparison between Ductile and Brittle Material Compression Test Introduction: Testing of Metals mean to determine the various mechanical properties by testing of metals on different testing machines.
All the mechanical tests are divided into following two groups:
1. Destructive tests. 2. Non destructive tests. Destructive tests: In destructive tests, the specimen of material is tested until its complete structural failure, in order to derive its mechanical properties and characteristics.
In this type of tests, the material may be useless after the test is over or may be transformed to possess mechanical properties very different from the previous one. The destructive tests include tensile test, compression test, impact test, fatigue test, hardness test, creep test etc. 2. Non destructive tests: In this test, the material under test possesses the same mechanical properties before and after the test and the material is not destroyed. The non destructive tests, include visual examination, radiographic test and magnet particle test etc. Tensile test for ductile material. It is generally, carried out with the help of a universal testing machine on the specimen. So, a graph will obtain by testing machine which is shown below. Stress Strain Diagram of Mild Steel: Proportional Limit:
It is the point on the stress-strain curve, up to which the plot is a straight line and stress proportional to strain. Up to proportional limit, the material remains elastic and strictly follows Hookes Law. Elastic Limit:
it is the point just beyond proportional limit. From proportional limit to elastic limit, the material remains elastic but does not follow Hookes Law and so, stress and strain are not proportional. Yield Point:
If the material is stressed beyond point B, the plastic range will reach i.e., on the removal of load, the material will not be able to recover its original position. Ultimate stress:
A further increase in the load will cause marked deformation in the whole volume of the metal. The maximum load which the specimen can with stand without failure is called the load at the ultimate strength. Breaking stress:
Beyond point E, the bar begins to forms neck. The load falling from the maximum until fracture occurs at F. [ Beyond point E, the cross-sectional area of the specimen begins to reduce rapidly over a relatively small length of bar and the bar is said to form a neck. ] - Comparing the Failure of a Ductile Specimen and a Brittle Specimen after Loading: Brittle and Ductile Metal Comparison:
Compression Test: It is generally, performed for testing brittle materials such as cast iron, concrete, stones, and bricks etc. It may be performed universal testing machine on the specimen.
So, a graph will obtain by testing machine which is shown below. Stressstrain curve for brittle materials:
From the graph, we see that there is a little strain as compared to the stress.
The value of breaking stress for different materials is different. But the general pattern for stress strain diagram is approximately same as shown in above figure.