ENDANGERED

ECOSYSTEM

ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
Effects of unplanned
development and
mismanagement of
the ecosystem
Geenhouse effect
and thinning of the
o!one laye
"ope management of
development activities
and the ecosystem
Soil erosion
Flash flood
Landslide
Eutrophication
Global warming
Ozone depletion
Climate change
Extinction of living things
eforestation
!ollution
Cause and effect
"mpact on ecos#stem
"mplementation of laws
$se of technolog#
Education on the
management of resources
!reservation and
conservation of soil% water%
forests and mangrove
swamps
!ractice of biological
control
$se of renewable energ#
Efficient use of energ#
Souces of
pollution
Effects of
pollution
&ir
'ater
(hermal
)oise
*uman health
*abitat of animals and plants
+uildings
&griculture
climate
Types of pollution

Efects of Unplanned Development
and Mismanagement of the Ecosystem
Soil erosion
Flash foods
Acid rain
Climatic changes
Green house
efect
!one depletion
landslides
Deforestation
Eutrophication
Air "ater
#ollution
$hermal Sound
Species e%tinction

Deforestation
The act of clearing of the
forest by cutting down trees
for its valuable timber, and
for building of roads, houses,
industrial estate and so on.



Soil Erosion / Landslide


SO#$ EROS#ON

Water Pollution
The sources of water pollution:

Effluent from industrial and domestic

sources.

Agricultural waste.

Discharge of untreated sewage.

Leaching of hea! metals from

underground lead pipes.

"il spills in the sea.

%ate
"ollution









Eutrophicat
ion
Enrichment of an a#uatic s!stem
with organic material or inorganic
nutrients$ causing an e%cessie
growth of a#uatic plant life

Eutrophicatio
n
Leaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off
animal waste
&ncrease in mineral nutrients into 'odies of water
Algae 'loom (rapid growth of algae)
Death of other a#uatic photos!nthetic plants and algae
Decomposition '! 'acteria (rapid growth of 'acteria)
*acteria use up o%!gen
A#uatic organisms die
+estricts the penetration of light into the water
*"D leel increase

&'O'D'
(&iochemical O)ygen Demand*

+efers to amount of o%!gen consumed '!

a#uatic organisms per litre of water.

, *.".D. , water pollution

Air Pollution
Pollutants Sources Effects
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Incomplete
combustion of
fossil fuels
Combines with haemoglobin to form
carboxyhaemoglobin which reduce the capacity of
the blood to transport oxygen, causes dizzines and
headache, slow down the brain.
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
)
Factories
Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air passages
and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause skin
diseases.
Oxides of nitrogen
Factories
amages tissues of lung !bronchitis", irritate the
eyes, lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.
Dust , dirt, smoke,
soot and hae
Factories,
exhaust
Irritates the eyes, cause con#uncti$itis, asthma and
bronchitis
!ead Car exhaust
isrupt the ability of body to produce new cells,
cause retardation of brain in children.
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
)
combustion of
fossil fuels
Causes emphysema

AP&
A s!stem adopted '! -ala!sia
.oernment to indicate the leel
of air pollution 'ased on its
health impact
AP&
(Air Pollution &nde%)
Descriptor
/ 0 1/ .ood
12 0 2// -oderate
2/2 0 3// 4nhealth!
3/2 0 5// 6er! unhealth!
7 5// 8a9ardous

Air Pollution



ACID rain
Sulphur dio%ide (S"
3
)
"%ides of nitrogen (:"$ :"
3
)

;om'ine with water apour in the

atmosphere to form sulphuic acid and
nitic acid respectiel!.

The! fall 'ac< on earth as acid rain.

;aused '!:




:oise Pollution

When the noise of the surroundings

'ecome e%cessie and distur's the
comfort of liing.

Sources:
aeroplane$ trains$ construction wor<s
wheels and factor! machines$
ehicles along the roads.

Noise Noise
intensity of intensity of
daily human daily human
activities activities


Ca+on dio)ide (,-.*
Methane (/0 1 2-.*
Nitous o)ide (/0.*
C3C (/4.*


.lo'al temperature increase parallels the increase
in the concentration of atmospheric car'on dio%ide.

$he $hinning of $he !one
$he $hinning of $he !one
&ayer
&ayer

mainl! due to the increasing leels of chloofluooca+ons

(C3C* in the atmosphere
CFC uses as coolants in air conditionals and
refrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans and
as foaming agents in making Styrofoam
packaging


O
5
O
N
E

D
E
"
$
E
T
#
O
N
O
5
O
N
E

D
E
"
$
E
T
#
O
N

Efects of !one
Efects of !one
Depletion
Depletion

"ope management of development activities and the ecosystem

"mplementation of laws

$se of technolog#

Education on the management of resources

!reservation and conservation of soil% water%

forests and mangrove swamps,

!ractice of biological control

$se of renewable energ#

Efficient use of energ#